GEOL 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Fluorine, Upwelling, Pyroclastic Surge

• School: Queen's University
• Department: Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering
• Course: GEOL 106
• Professor: John Hanes

Document Summary

A plate is a combination of crust and upper brittle part of the mantle: called the lithosphere (rigid, brittle) ~100 km. So the lithosphere is the plate that slides on the asthenosphere slides at a rate of several centimeters per year. Almost all igneous activity and mountain building (and earthquakes) are localized along plate margins. Due to friction of plates, magma is created which creates volcanic island arcs (and earthquakes) All occur away from continental: oceanic lithosphere under continental lithosphere. Trench is right on edge of continental. Creates continental crust (white and pink: continental collision. Causes continents to collide (e. g. the himalayas continental mountain belts: typically dip-slips occur here. Reverse dip-slip (causes more damage: causes a trenches, transform (slide past, lithosphere plates slide horizontally past each other (e. g. san andreas fault, causes earthquakes. 90% of earthquakes occur at depths less than 100 km. 10% of earthquakes occur at depths between 100 and 700 km: they occur in the lithosphere (ridged/brittle)