HIST 250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Muawiyah I, Jizya, Mawla
Document Summary
The rise of islam: arid/semi desert landscape, civilization emerge in sw portion, nomadic, semi nomadic tribes all over region, mecca, medina examples of cities at time, pre islamic society, semi nomadic herders. 622: the super tribe , a believer shall not kill another believer, nor shall he support s disbeliever against a believer, the believers are to be supported by each other, whosoever of the jews followers us shall have aid and succor; they shall not be injured, nor any enemy be aided against them, the peace of the believers is indivisible. Abu bakr (632 34: designated successor, shia vs. sunni perspective, known as the truthful , military expansion of arabic tribes, conquest of byzantine and persian territories. Uthman (644 56: first of the umayyad dynasty, the unpopular caliph, increasing dissension among group of muslims, power based on bedouin supporters, established definitive text for the qur"an, assassinated.
