MICR 360 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Mhc Class Ii, Interleukin 10, B-Cell Receptor

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coppermosquito74

25 Dec 2017

School

Queen's University

Department

Microbiology and Immunology

Course

MICR 360

Professor

Sameh Basta

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Document Summary

During b and t cell development, you need to make sure bm cells develop and do not attack self antigen. This tolerance to self antigens deve in bm (primary immune lymphoid organ) where immune cells develop. Either kill them or change the binding of bcr (then go to periphery and not attack self antigens) T cell development, positive and negative selection in thymus. Strong affinity to mhc and peptide then that t cell will be deleted through apoptosis (negative selectivion) central tolerance. Tregs-- foxp3 a molecule that determines the commitment of the type cda$ helper cell, function as suppressor, they also il2 cd25. Developed t cells go out to periphery and interact with antigens and apc to mhc2 and they secrete suppression cytokines to dampen tbfbeta nad il10 (suppreeor or the immune system) T cells that can cause a problem in periphery gets suppressd by treg. If you have a choice - central tolerence is better, deleting cells, no cahnce.

Related Questions

Which of the following statements about induction or maintenance of T cell tolerance is NOT true?

	a.	Peripheral T cell tolerance to an antigen may be induced by persistent and repeated stimulation of lymphocytes by that antigen in tissues.
	b.	Peripheral T cell tolerance results when T cells recognize antigen in the setting of an innate immune response to the antigen.
	c.	Peripheral T cell tolerance to some antigens is induced when mature T cells recognize antigen and bind B7-1 or B7-2 via the inhibitory CTLA-4 receptor.
	d.	Peripheral T cell tolerance results when mature naive T cells recognize antigens without adequate B7-1â or B7-2âmediated costimulation.
	e.	Central tolerance is induced when immature developing T cells in bone marrow or thymus encounter self-antigens.

chocolateporpoise530

1. Neutralizing antibodies are effective at preventing
infection or toxicity mediated by pathogens or their toxic products. In fact, nearly all vaccines currently in use function by eliciting neutralizing antibodies. The most important feature of a neutralizing antibody is:
A. Having a high degree of multi-valency, such as being a pentamer or hexamer of immunoglobulin monomers
B. Having high affinity for the antigen
C. Being present at a high concentration in the circulation
D. Being efficient at activating the complement cascade
E. Having a long half-life in the body

2. IgM antibodies are much more efficient than IgG at activating the complement cascade. However, under certain circumstances, IgG antibodies will activate the complement pathway. One example of a situation in which IgG binding to its antigen will
NOT trigger the complement cascade is when:
A. The IgG antibodies bind to a multivalent soluble antigen in solution, such as a polysaccharide structure shed from a bacterial pathogen.
B. The IgG antibodies bind to a viral capsid protein that is present in more than 100 copies on the viral particle surface.
C. The IgG antibodies bind to a bacterial surface by recognizing a repetitive polysaccharide component of the bacterial capsule.
D. The IgG antibodies are binding self-antigens such as chromatin released from dead cells.
E. The IgG antibodies are neutralizing a bacterial toxin protein by blocking the receptor-attachment site on the toxin.

3. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an important effector mechanism in immunity to virus infections. This immune pathway has also been exploited for clinical applications. For instance, patients with
various disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and some B cell lymphomas, are treated with an antibody directed at CD20, a surface receptor expressed on all B cells. This antibody leads to the depletion of B cells from the patients by the actions of:
A. Natural killer (NK) cells
B. Cytotoxic CD8 T cells
C. Cytotoxic CD4 T cells
D. Activated macrophages
E. The complement cascade membrane attack complex

copperwhale140

1.List the steps of the immune response in the correct order, fromfirst to last. (First, Second, Third)

The immune system develops proteins called antibodies that fightthe infection by killing the antigens.	Choose... Third First Second
The immune system identifies antigens.	Choose... Third First Second
The body saves some antibodies so they are available to fight offthe same disease if exposed again.	Choose... Third First Second

2.Match each item with the correct "line of defense" it isclassified under. (Surface Barrier, General Defense, ImmuneResponse)

lysozyme	Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses
inflammation	Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses
lymph nodes	Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses
B cells and T cells	Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses
unbroken skin	Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses
Antibodies	Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses

3.What is the role of histamine in the inflammatory response?

Chooseone answer.

	a. Itdestroys bacteria by a process called "cell-eating."
	b. Itproduces a fever and lethargy, so energy can be reserved forbattling the illness.
	c. It formsblood clots in the damaged area.
	d. Itdilates blood vessels to make more room for the body's defensive agentsin the injured area.

4.Match each item with the correct description. (Antigen, Prion, Blymphocyte, Macrophage)

An infectious particle that consists only of protein	Choose... Antigen Prion Blymphocyte Macrophage
A white blood cell that engulfs and destroys foreign material, such asbacteria	Choose... Antigen Prion Blymphocyte Macrophage
Any substance that instigates a response by the immune system	Choose... Antigen Prion Blymphocyte Macrophage
A white blood cell that can make antibodies	Choose... Antigen Prion Blymphocyte Macrophage

5.Who is credited with designing the first vaccine?

	a. LinusPauling
	b. EdwardJenner
	c. JonasSalk
	d. StanleyMiller

6.The flu (influenza) vaccine is generally administered as aninjection, often referred to as the flu shot. Can the flu shot giveyou the flu?

	a. No,because the flu shot is a live, attenuated vaccine.
	b. Yes,because the flu shot is a live, attenuated vaccine.
	c. No,because the flu shot is an inactivated vaccine.
	d. Yes,because the flu shot is an inactivated vaccine.

7.Getting a vaccine is similar to getting the actual disease insome ways. For example, when you get a vaccine, yourimmune system produces antibodies that will protect you from future exposures tothe actual disease.

True or False?

8.Getting a vaccine is NOT similar to getting the actual disease insome ways. For example, when you get a vaccine, you should notexperience outward symptoms of the disease you were vaccinatedagainst.

True or False?

9.Numerous scientific studies have shown that there is NO LINKbetween vaccines and autism.

True or False?

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MICR 360 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Mhc Class Ii, Interleukin 10, B-Cell Receptor

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