PHIL 293 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: William Edward Hartpole Lecky, Jeremy Bentham, Bial
9 Jan 2017
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The prevalence of symbioses is not, however, the only reason why symbioses should be important to biologists. An additional reason is that symbiosis challenges two widely accepted tenets of biology: the universality of decent with modification in evolution, and the primacy of antagonism in interactions among organisms. (douglas, the symbiotic habit 2010: 1) Ecologists have given deep and prolonged attention to two interspecific interactions: predation and competition, relations that are negative for either one or both partners. Mutualisms, i. e. mutually positive interactions, are more poorly understood. However, they are increasingly recognized to be fundamental to patterns and processes within ecological systems [ ] almost every species on earth is involved directly or indirectly in one or more of these interactions. -bronstein, judith l (2009) Plants within communities can be interconnected and exchange resources through a common hyphal network, and form guilds based on their shared mycorrhizal associates.
