PHGY 214 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Opiate, Saccharin, Buffalo Hump

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Peptide: most common, hydrophilic, extracellular, exocytosed, rs= amp via 2nd messenger. Amine: least common, dop, seratoning, t3/4, ne + e, melatonin. Hydrophilic: water soluble, peptides + catecholamines, stores in granules, exocytosed, unbound. Lipophilic: lipid soluble, t3/4, steroid released diffuse across memb bound by carrier. Anabolism: build up of larger organic molecules. Controlled by insulin, glucagon, cortisol, epine, gh. Glucagon: stim by decreased blood glucose, mobilizes e rich molecules from storage (gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis), from islets of langerhaan alpha cells. Insulin: anabolic, stim by high glucose levels, from islets of langerhaan b cells. Glucose uptake: insulin binds rs signal transduction glut4 exocytosed so glucose can enter thru it. Fed hepatocytes: insulin binds r hexokinase turns glucose inside the cell (used glut2) into glucose 6-p so glucose grad remains low inside cell. Gh: stim igf-1 release from liver which stim chondrocytes to proliferate, increase in testo/esterogen, gh and insulin stim pubertal growth, Gh excess: before epiphyseal plate closes gigantism.

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