PSYC 100 Lecture 2: PSYC 100 Lecture 2
2 Jun 2018
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PSYC 100 – Lecture 2
Reading & Evaluating Scientific Research
Principles of Scientific Research
• 5 characteristics of quality scientific research
o It is based on measurements that are objective, valid, and reliable
o It can be generalized
o It uses techniques that reduce bias
o It is made public
o It can be replicated
• Objectivity, reliability, and validity
o Objective measurements are the measurements of an entity or behavior
that, within an allowed margin of error, is consistent across instruments
and observers
o Reliability occurs when it provides consistent and stable answers across
multiple observations and points in time
o Validity refers to the degree to which an instrument or procedure actually
measures what it claims to measure
• Generalizability of results
o Generalizability refers to the degree to which one set of results can be
applied to other situations, individuals, or events
o Population: the group that researchers want to generalize about
o Sample: a select group of population members
o Random sample: a sampling technique in which every individual of a
population has an equal chance of being included
• Sources of bias in psychological research
o Hawthorne effect: a behavior change that occurs as a result of being
observed
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PSYC 100 Full Course Notes
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