PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Dependent And Independent Variables, Phineas Gage, Confounding
2 Jun 2018
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PSYC 100 – Lecture 3
Scientific Research Designs
• Case Studies
o Case studies are in-depth reports about the details of a specific case
o Perhaps most famous case study in psychology (and neurology) is that o
Phineas Gage (see textbook, 46-6)
• Naturalistic observation
o When psychologists engage in naturalistic observations, they
ly ’
natural environment
• Surveys & Questionnaires
o Self-reporting: a method in which responses are provided directly by the
people who are being studied, typically through face-to-face interviews,
phone surveys, paper and pencil tests, and web-based questionnaires
• Correlational research
o Involves measuring the degree of association between two or more
variables
o Third variable problem: the possibility that a third, unmeasured variable is
actually responsible for a well-established correlation between two
variables
• Experimental research
o The experimental method
o Random assignment: a technique for dividing samples into 2 or more
groups in which participants are equally likely to be placed in any
condition of the experiment
o C l: l ’ l
might affect or provide an alternative explanation for the results
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