PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Central Nervous System, Axon Terminal, Neuroglia
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Skeletal- efferent (information travelling out) and afferent (information travelling from distal locations throughout body) Dendrites- branched extensions of a nerve cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body. Axon-long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses. Glial cell- surround neurons and provide support for and insulation between them. Mylin sheath- fatty insulating later that surrounds the nerve cells. Axon terminals- endings of the nerve cell by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells. Inhibitory synapses decrease the likelihood of the firing action potential of a cell while excitatory synapses increase its likelihood. Depolarization- sodium channels open in response to a stimulus. Repolarization- sodium channels close and potassium channels open. Structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical signal to another neuron. Neurotransmitters- amines (dopamine, epinephrine), peptides (includes opioids), amino acids (glutamate, gaba) Agonist increases neurotransmitter effects while an antagonist drug decreases the effects of the neurotransmitter.