PSYC 235 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Token Economy, Hypokinesia, Therapeutic Relationship

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Cultural factors: sz is universal but treated differently in different cultures, people from devalued ethnic minority groups may be victims of bias & stereotyping. Genetic influences: there is no single gene responsible; rather, multiple genes variances combine to produce vulnerability. Adoption studies: data supports idea that sz represents a spectrum of related disorders, all of which overlap genetically. If adopted child had biological mother with sz, he/she had ~5% chance of having disorder. The offspring of twins: 1. 7% of children with non-sz parents develop sz. Linkage & association studies: genetic linkage & association studies rely on traits (ex. blood types inherited in families, comt gene plays role in dopamine metabolism, which appears to be disrupted in person with sz. Evidence for multiple genes: sz involves more than one gene, a phenomenon referred to as quantitative trait loci. Nmda antagonists, suggesting that deficit in glutamate or blocking of nmda sites may be involved in some symptoms of sz.

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