PSYC 370 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Oxidative Stress, Synaptic Pruning, Synaptogenesis

• School: Queen's University
• Department: Psychology
• Course: PSYC 370
• Professor: Janet L Menard

Document Summary

Etiological factors: malnutrition, chemical insults, disease, genetic errors. Lisencephaly: smaller brain volume, brains lack sulci and gyri, no distinction between white and gray matter, severe intellectual delays, epileptic. 1: hypoplasia- exposed to insult during cell proliferation stage. Fetus has reduced cell number: ectopia- exposed to insult during cell migration stage. Cells are not organized and haven"t arrived at correct destination: dysplasia- exposed to insult during cell differentiation stage. Cells are not orderly, processes do not line up. Neural tube defects (ntds: genetic factors, nutritional factors. Types of ntds: anencephaly- rostral/ cephalic end of neural tube fails to close. Will only possess rudimentary brainstem, but of skull, no frontal cortex. Les severe cases- frontal cortex missing, top portion of head flattened out. Most die at birth: encephalocele- opening in skull; contents of cranium protrude from hole. Foreshorten lifespan: spinal bifida- caudal/ tail end of tube fails to close. Pouch of nerve fibers protrude out from spinal cord.