ACS 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Word Formation, Part Of Speech, Ion
3 May 2018
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Wednesday, February 7, 2018
Morphology and Word Formation
ACS106!
Morphology
-Morpheme !
ā¢The linguistic term for the most elemental unit of grammatical form.!
-Morphology !
ā¢The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are
formed. !
Morphological Rules
-Un!
ā¢-eaten!
ā¢-disputed !
ā¢-grammatical !
-Un !
ā¢Eaten-!
ā¢Disputed- !
ā¢Grammatical- !
-Morphological rules refer to our internalized grammatical knowledge as it pertains to
the words and their behaviour in a language. !
ā¢We are not (typically) consciously aware of these rules, unless we have explicitly
committed these rules to memory or conscious knowledge. !
-Two kinds of knowledge:!
ā¢Knowledge of individual morphemes.!
ā¢Knowledge of how these morphemes function alone (if applicable) or together. !
-Morphemes are discrete. !
ā¢The meaning must be constant, which allows for creativity and productivity but
also comprehensibility among speakers of a language. !
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Wednesday, February 7, 2018
Free and Bound Morphemes
-Free morphemes !
ā¢Boy !
ā¢Desire !
ā¢Gentle !
ā¢Man !
-Bound morphemes !
ā¢Un-!
ā¢-ish!
ā¢-ness!
ā¢Pre- !
ā¢Trans- !
-Note: aļ¬xes are bound morphemes that can take place at the beginning, middle,
and end of words (or some combination therein)!
-Aļ¬xes can include any category of bound morpheme including: preļ¬xes. Suļ¬xes,
inļ¬xes, and circumļ¬xes.!
Preļ¬xes
-Occur before the morpheme.!
ā¢English: un-; pre-; bi- !
Suļ¬xes
-Occur after the morpheme.!
ā¢English: -ing; -er; -ly !
Inļ¬xes
Circumļ¬xes
-Occur around the morpheme. !
ā¢Sometimes called ādiscontinuous morphemesā!
Roots-N-Stems
-Morphologically complex words consist of a root and one or more aļ¬xes.!
ā¢A root may or may not stand alone.!
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Document Summary
Morpheme: the linguistic term for the most elemental unit of grammatical form. Morphology: the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. Two kinds of knowledge: knowledge of individual morphemes, knowledge of how these morphemes function alone (if applicable) or together. Morphemes are discrete: the meaning must be constant, which allows for creativity and productivity but also comprehensibility among speakers of a language. Free morphemes: boy, desire, gentle, man. Bound morphemes: un, -ish, -ness, pre, trans- Note: a xes are bound morphemes that can take place at the beginning, middle, and end of words (or some combination therein) A xes can include any category of bound morpheme including: pre xes. Occur before the morpheme: english: un-; pre-; bi- Occur after the morpheme: english: -ing; -er; -ly. Occur around the morpheme: sometimes called discontinuous morphemes .
