ACS 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Grammaticality, Puppy Love, Bracketing
3 May 2018
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Wednesday, February 14, 2018
Syntax and Grammar
ACS106!
Rules of Syntax
-Combine into phrases and phrases in turn combine into sentences.!
ā¢Rules determine the correct word order for a language.!
ā¢Word order for language?!
-SVO: subject verb object (ex. Daniel came to class)!
ā¢Grammaticality is determined based on the correct word and the appropriate
distribution of elements throughout the sentence. !
-Another important rule is to describe the relationship between the meaning of a
group of words and the arrangement of the words.!
ā¢The same words may be used to formulate completely diļ¬erent meanings. !
-āI eat what I seeā vs āI see what I eatā!
-Specify grammatical relations of a sentence.!
ā¢Subject and direct object.!
ā¢Speciļ¬es who is doing what to who/what.!
-These phrases act diļ¬erently because they have diļ¬erent underlying syntactic
structures.!
-These diļ¬erences help us understand why some derivations and orderings work,
while other sounds grammatically jumbled and completely incorrect/unparseable.!
ā¢Jack ran (up the hill)!
ā¢Jack ran up (the bill)!
-(up the hill): forms a natural unit, and so it can be moved around the sentence in
various ways without violating syntactic rules.!
-(up the bill): does not form a natural unit, and therefore they cannot be moved
together in the case.!
ā¢Up the hill Jack ran!
ā¢Up the bill Jack ran*!
ā¢(It was) the bill Jack ran up!
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Document Summary
Daniel came to class: grammaticality is determined based on the correct word and the appropriate distribution of elements throughout the sentence. Another important rule is to describe the relationship between the meaning of a group of words and the arrangement of the words: the same words may be used to formulate completely di erent meanings. I eat what i see" vs i see what i eat". Specify grammatical relations of a sentence: subject and direct object, speci es who is doing what to who/what. These phrases act di erently because they have di erent underlying syntactic structures. These di erences help us understand why some derivations and orderings work, while other sounds grammatically jumbled and completely incorrect/unparseable: jack ran (up the hill, jack ran up (the bill) (up the hill): forms a natural unit, and so it can be moved around the sentence in various ways without violating syntactic rules.
