FIN 300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: International Financial Reporting Standards, Operating Cash Flow, Free Cash Flow

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17 Apr 2016

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Chapter 2: financial statements, cash flow, and taxes. Picture of the firm"s accounting value on a particular date. Also known as the balance sheet: assets. Non-current assets have long life span; can be tangible like a truck or computer; intangible like a trademark or patent (capital assets) Current assets have life span of less than a year (can turn into cash within 12 months: liabilities. Current liabilities have life span of less than a year (can repay loan within 12 months: shareholder"s equity. Liquidity: how fast and easily an asset can be turned into cash. Ease of conversion vs. loss of value. Any asset can be turned into cash as long as we reduce the price enough. Financial leverage: use of debt in firm"s capital structure. More debt firm has (% of assets), greater the financial leverage. Carrying/book value: accounting value of a firm"s assets. Market value: price at which willing buyers and sellers trade the assets.

Related Questions

Here is your first question:

Explain what current assets and fixed assets are and give as many examples as you can for each. What is the difference between tangible and intangible assets?

Liabilities and owner's equity are listed on the right-hand side respectively. Liabilities are also classified as current liabilities and long-term liabilities.

Here is your second question:

Explain what current liabilities differ from long-term liabilities and give as many examples as you can for each.

Owner's equity (also known as shareholders' equity, common equity) is the difference between total value of assets and total value of liabilities. That is, if you were to use your assets to pay off the debts, whatever is left over (the residual) would belong to shareholders. That is why they are known as residual claimants. Hence we have the identity;

Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders' equity

Net working capital is simply equal to current assets minus current liabilities. When net working capital is positive, it means cash that will be available over the next 12 months exceeds what must be paid. It is important for a healthy firm to have positive net working capital.

Here is your third question:

A firm has current assets of $100, net fixed assets of $500, short-term debt of $70 and long-term debt of $200. What is shareholders' equity. Construct a balance sheet

for this company. Is net working capital positive or negative? If so by how much? (Hint: You may utilize Example 2.1 on page 24 of the textbook).

Please analyze the future of IBM with a company that does not have solid financials, such as Tesla. Qualitative measures will be required. What are tthe likelihoods of success and how could that be determined (for Tesla) if current numbers do not provide promise. Tesla is breaking into an emerging market of hybrid vehicle technology, and though the technology has not fully evovled, will it? How do Telsa's finaincial compare to IBM as they compare to success or failre?

Thank you

TESLA INC (TSLA) CashFlowFlag INCOME STATEMENT
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data.	2015-12	2016-12
Revenue	4046	7000
Cost of revenue	3123	5401
Gross profit	924	1599
Operating expenses
Research and development	718	834
Sales, General and administrative	922	1432
Total operating expenses	1640	2267
Operating income	-717	-667
Interest Expense	119	199
Other income (expense)	-40	120
Income before taxes	-876	-746
Provision for income taxes	13	27
Net income from continuing operations	-889	-773
Other		98
Net income	-889	-675
Net income available to common shareholders	-889	-675
Earnings per share
Basic	-6.93	-4.68
Diluted	-6.93	-4.68
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic	128	144
Diluted	128	144
EBITDA	-334	400

TESLA INC (TSLA) Statement of CASH FLOW
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data.	2015-12	2016-12
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net income	-889	-773
Depreciation & amortization	423	947
Amortization of debt discount/premium and issuance costs	72	87
Stock based compensation	198	334
Accounts receivable	46	-217
Inventory	-1574	-2466
Prepaid expenses	-30	57
Accounts payable
Accrued liabilities
Other working capital	1064	1932
Other non-cash items	165	-26
Net cash provided by operating activities	-524	-124
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Investments in property, plant, and equipment	-1635	-1440
Acquisitions, net	-12	214
Purchases of investments
Sales/Maturities of investments		17
Other investing activities	-26	-206
Net cash used for investing activities	-1674	-1416
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Debt issued	319	2853
Debt repayment	-204	-1904
Warrant issued
Common stock issued	750	1702
Other financing activities	658	1094
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	1524	3744
Effect of exchange rate changes	-34	-7
Net change in cash	-709	2196
Cash at beginning of period	1906	1197
Cash at end of period	1197	3393
Free Cash Flow
Operating cash flow	-524	-124
Capital expenditure	-1635	-1440
Free cash flow	-2159	-1564

TESLA INC (TSLA) CashFlowFlag BALANCE SHEET
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data.	2015-12	2016-12
Assets
Current assets
Cash
Cash and cash equivalents	1197	3393
Total cash	1197	3393
Receivables	169	499
Inventories	1278	2067
Prepaid expenses	125	194
Other current assets	23	106
Total current assets	2792	6260
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Gross property, plant and equipment	5766	12920
Accumulated Depreciation	-571	-1018
Net property, plant and equipment	5195	15037
Intangible assets		376
Other long-term assets	106	991
Total non-current assets	5301	16404
Total assets	8092	22664
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Short-term debt		1150
Capital leases	633
Accounts payable	916	1860
Taxes payable	101	153
Accrued liabilities	322	1005
Deferred revenues	707	1427
Other current liabilities	137	232
Total current liabilities	2816	5827
Non-current liabilities
Long-term debt	2082	118
Capital leases
Deferred taxes liabilities
Accrued liabilities		150
Deferred revenues	446	852
Minority interest		785
Other long-term liabilities	1659	10179
Total non-current liabilities	4187	12084
Total liabilities	7004	17911
Stockholders' equity
Common stock	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	3415	7774
Retained earnings	-2322	-2997
Accumulated other comprehensive income	-4	-24
Total stockholders' equity	1089	4753
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	8092	22664


INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP (IBM) CashFlowFlag INCOME STATEMENT
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data.	2015-12	2016-12
Revenue	81741	79919
Cost of revenue	41057	41625
Gross profit	40684	38294
Operating expenses
Research and development	4565	4120
Sales, General and administrative	19894	20479
Other operating expenses	535	590
Total operating expenses	24994	25189
Operating income	15690	13105
Interest Expense	468	630
Other income (expense)	723	-145
Income before taxes	15945	12330
Provision for income taxes	2581	449
Net income from continuing operations	13364	11881
Net income from discontinuing ops	-174	-9
Net income	13190	11872
Net income available to common shareholders	13190	11872
Earnings per share
Basic	13.48	12.43
Diluted	13.42	12.38
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic	979	955
Diluted	983	959
EBITDA	20268	17341

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP (IBM) Statement of CASH FLOW
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data.	2015-12	2016-12
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net income	13190	11872
Depreciation & amortization	3855	4381
Deferred income taxes	1387	-1132
Stock based compensation	468	544
Inventory	133	-14
Accounts payable	81	197
Accrued liabilities
Other working capital	-2658	1048
Other non-cash items	552	62
Net cash provided by operating activities	17008	16958
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Investments in property, plant, and equipment	-3579	-3567
Property, plant, and equipment reductions	370	424
Acquisitions, net	-3750	-6133
Purchases of investments	-3073	-5917
Sales/Maturities of investments	2842	5692
Purchases of intangibles	-572	-583
Other investing activities	-397	-892
Net cash used for investing activities	-8159	-10976
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Debt issued	5540	9132
Debt repayment	-5622	-6395
Common stock issued	322	204
Common stock repurchased	-4609	-3502
Dividend paid	-4897	-5256
Other financing activities	100	26
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	-9166	-5791
Effect of exchange rate changes
Net change in cash	-317	191
Cash at beginning of period	8476	7686
Cash at end of period	8159	7877
Free Cash Flow
Operating cash flow	17008	16958
Capital expenditure	-4151	-4150
Free cash flow	12857	12808

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP (IBM) CashFlowFlag BALANCE SHEET
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data.	2015-12	2016-12
Assets
Current assets
Cash
Cash and cash equivalents	7686	7826
Short-term investments	508	701
Total cash	8194	8527
Receivables	1201	1057
Inventories	1551	1553
Deferred income taxes
Prepaid expenses	4205	4564
Other current assets	27353	28187
Total current assets	42504	43888
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Gross property, plant and equipment	29341	60267
Accumulated Depreciation	-18616	-38606
Net property, plant and equipment	10725	21661
Equity and other investments	5187	4585
Goodwill	32021	36199
Intangible assets	3486	4689
Deferred income taxes	4822	5224
Prepaid pension benefit
Other long-term assets	11747	12055
Total non-current assets	67988	84413
Total assets	110492	128301
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Short-term debt	6461	7513
Accounts payable	6028	6209
Taxes payable	2847	3235
Accrued liabilities	7913	8282
Deferred revenues	11021	11035
Other current liabilities	-1	1
Total current liabilities	34269	36275
Non-current liabilities
Long-term debt	33428	34655
Deferred taxes liabilities
Accrued liabilities
Deferred revenues	3771	3600
Pensions and other benefits	16504	17070
Minority interest	162	146
Other long-term liabilities	8099	7478
Total non-current liabilities	61964	62949
Total liabilities	96233	99224
Stockholders' equity
Common stock	53262	53935
Retained earnings	146124	152759
Treasury stock	-155518	-159050
Accumulated other comprehensive income	-29606	-29398
Total stockholders' equity	14262	18246
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	110495	117470

ivorypig770

Compare Companies --- Netflix (NFLX) vs. GEO Holdings (TOK) Compute financial ratios, time value, variables, and returns using industry standard tools for optimizing financial success. Analyze corporate financial data in evaluating past and future financial performances.

Use formulas to calculate the following financial indicators for each year of data: Three fiscal years for Netflix and GEO Holdings for:

o Price to earnings ratio

o Debt to equity ratio

o Free cash flow

o Earnings per share

o Return on equity

o Net profit margin

V. Performance Over Time

A. Analyze the performance of the Netflix over time. What financial strengths and weaknesses does this company have? Consider addressing the free cash flows and ratios you calculated earlier.

B. Analyze the performance of your GEO Holdings over time. What financial strengths and weaknesses does this company have? Consider addressing the free cash flows and ratios you calculated earlier.

C. Analyze how the data differ between these two companies. Why do you think this is? Consider addressing the free cash flows and ratios you calculated earlier.

VI. Investment

A. Are the companies considered growth or value companies? Why?

B. Which companyâs stock is the better investment?

Netflix Inc. (NMS: NFLX)

Exchange rate used is that of the Year End reported date


As Reported Annual Balance Sheet
Report Date	12/31/2016	12/31/2015	12/31/2014
Currency	USD	USD	USD
Audit Status	Not Qualified	Not Qualified	Not Qualified
Consolidated	Yes	Yes	Yes
Scale	Thousands	Thousands	Thousands

Cash & cash equivalents	1467576	1809330	1113608
Short-term investments	266206	501385	494888
Current content library, net	-	-	2125702
Current content assets, net	3726307	2905998	-
Other current assets	260202	215127	206271
Total current assets	5720291	5431840	3940469
Non-current content library, net	-	-	2773326
Non-current content assets, net	7274501	4312817	-
Information technology assets	185345	194054	189274
Furniture & fixtures	32185	30914	25758
Building	40681	40681	40681
Leasehold improvements	107945	107793	57339
DVD operations equipment	70152	88471	89144
Capital work-in-progress	108296	8845	12495
Property & equipment, gross	544604	470758	414691
Less: accumulated depreciation	294209	297346	264816
Property & equipment, net	250395	173412	149875
Other non-current assets	341423	284802	192981
Total assets	13586610	10202871	7056651
Current content liabilities	3632711	2789023	2117241
Accounts payable	312842	253491	201581
Accrued expenses	197632	140389	69746
Deferred revenue	443472	346721	274586
Total current liabilities	4586657	3529624	2663154
Non-current content liabilities	2894654	2026360	1575832
Long-term debt	3364311	2371362	900000
Other non-current liabilities	61188	52099	59957
Total liabilities	10906810	7979445	5198943
Common stock	1599762	1324809	60
Additional paid-in capital	-	-	1042810
Foreign currency	-47966	-42502	-4615
Change in unrealized gains on available for sale securities	-599	-806	169
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	-48565	-43308	-4446
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	1128603	941925	819284
Total stockholders' equity (deficiency)	2679800	2223426	1857708

Geo Holdings Corp (TOK: 2681)

Due to changes with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), recent financials statement presentations have been adjusted to meet this standard. Please note the original historical presentations have remained in the original format

Exchange rate used is that of the Year End reported date


As Reported Annual Balance Sheet
Report Date	03/31/2016	03/31/2015	03/31/2014
Currency	JPY	JPY	JPY
Audit Status	Not Qualified	Not Qualified	Not Qualified
Consolidated	Yes	Yes	Yes
Scale	Millions	Millions	Thousands
Cash & deposits	37683	32052	19869000
Trade notes & accounts receivables	4100	4077	3992000
Merchandise	24894	23834	23495000
Deferred tax assets	2156	1806	1773000
Other current assets	5462	7181	5942000
Allowance for doubtful accounts	-281	-292	343000
Total current assets	74015	68659	54729000
Asset for rent, gross	100974	104514	104647000
Accumulated depreciation - asset for rent	-95154	-97475	96055000
Asset for rent, net	5820	7038	8591000
Buildings & structures, gross	40872	39984	39478000
Accumulated depreciation - buildings & structures	-27470	-26362	25976000
Buildings & structures, net	13402	13622	13501000
Land, net	5844	6356	6651000
Leased assets, gross	2176	3519	4576000
Accumulated depreciation - leased assets	-681	-1764	2588000
Leased assets, net	1495	1754	1988000
Other property, plant & equipment, gross	24838	20562	17708000
Accumulated depreciation - other property, plant & equipment	-18391	-15292	13236000
Other property, plant & equipment, net	6447	5270	4471000
Total property, plant & equipment	33010	34043	35205000
Total intangible assets	1865	1277	2028000
Investment securities	926	1002	1266000
Long-term loans receivable	2250	6682	6628000
Lease & guarantee deposits	14905	14735	15034000
Deferred tax assets	3342	3774	2845000
Other investments & other assets	1222	1188	1760000
Allowance for doubtful accounts	-1332	-3751	3917000
Total investments & other assets	21315	23632	23617000
Total non-current assets	56192	58952	60851000
Total assets	130207	127612	115581000
Trade accounts payable	12631	13540	13124000
Current portion of long-term borrowings	8333	7097	8754000
Current portion of bonds	149	149	249000
Income taxes payable	4815	265	1170000
Reserve for bonuses	1665	1420	1135000
Other current liabilities	10135	12595	10279000
Total current liabilities	37731	35068	34713000
Bonds	105	254	403000
Long-term borrowings	19509	21843	13910000
Lease liabilities	1612	1660	1590000
Deferred tax liabilities	23	22	26000
Asset retirement obligations	4406	3994	3898000
Other non-current liabilities	1857	1554	1839000
Total non-current liabilities	27514	29329	21668000
Total liabilities	65246	64398	56381000
Capital stock	8871	8615	8603000
Capital surplus	3283	6090	6078000
Retained earnings	52542	49998	44381000
Treasury shares	-	-1979	334000
Total shareholders' equity	64697	62724	58729000
Valuation difference on available-for-sale securities	166	282	297000
Loss (gain) on deferred hedge	-15	-	297000
Total accumulated other comprehensive income	150	282	172000
Stock acquisition rights	113	206	59199000
Net assets	64961	63214	115581000
Total liabilities & net assets	130207	127612

Netflix Inc. (NMS: NFLX)

Exchange rate used is that of the Year End reported date


As Reported Annual Income Statement
Report Date	12/31/2016	12/31/2015	12/31/2014
Currency	USD	USD	USD
Audit Status	Not Qualified	Not Qualified	Not Qualified
Consolidated	Yes	Yes	Yes
Scale	Thousands	Thousands	Thousands

Revenues	8830669	6779511	5504656
Cost of revenues	6029901	4591476	3752760
Marketing expenses	991078	824092	607186
Technology & development expenses	852098	650788	472321
General & administrative expenses	577799	407329	269741
Operating income (loss)	379793	305826	402648
Interest expense	150114	132716	50219
Interest & other income (expense)	30828	-31225	-3060
Income before income taxes - United States	188078	95644	325081
Income (loss) before income taxes - foreign	72429	46241	24288
Income (loss) before income taxes	260507	141885	349369
Current tax provision (benefit) - federal	54315	52557	86623
Current tax provision (benefit) - state	5790	-1576	9866
Current tax provision (benefit) - foreign	60571	26918	16144
Total current tax provision (benefit)	120676	77899	112633
Deferred tax provision (benefit) - federal	-24383	-37669	-10994
Deferred tax provision (benefit) - state	-14080	-17635	-17794
Deferred tax provision (benefit) - foreign	-8384	-3351	-1275
Total deferred tax provision (benefit)	-46847	-58655	-30063
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	73829	19244	82570
Net income (loss)	186678	122641	266799
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	428822	425889	420546
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	438652	436456	431893
Year end shares outstanding	430054.212	427940.44	422910.887
Net income (loss) per share - basic	0.44	0.29	0.634
Net income (loss) per share - diluted	0.43	0.28	0.617
Number of full time employees	4500	3500	2189
Number of part time & temporary employees	200	400	261
Total number of employees	4700	3700	2450
Number of common stockholders	290	237	203
Foreign currency translation adjustments	-5464	-37887	-

Geo Holdings Corp (TOK: 2681)

Exchange rate used is that of the Year End reported date


As Reported Annual Income Statement
Report Date	03/31/2016	03/31/2015	03/31/2014
Currency	JPY	JPY	JPY
Audit Status	Not Qualified	Not Qualified	Not Qualified
Consolidated	Yes	Yes	Yes
Scale	Millions	Millions	Thousands
Total revenue	267910	270308	262324000
Cost of sales	-151798	-157825	152301000
Gross profit	116112	112483	110022000
Selling, general & administrative expenses	-99559	-102925	100823000
Operating income	16552	9558	9198000
Interest & dividend income	49	114	111000
Rental income	1268	1167	1193000
Other non-operating income	1043	1062	453000
Total non-operating income	2361	2343	1758000
Interest expense	-230	-231	332000
Rental expenses	-759	-609	595000
Transfer to reserve for doubtful account	-	-227	-
Other non-operating expenses	-100	-803	-
Total non-operating expenses	-1089	-1871	684000
Ordinary income	17824	10030	1612000
Imapirment loss	-1319	-1543	9344000
Other extraordinary losses	-13	-	203000
Total extraordinary losses	-1333	-1543	203000
Income before income taxes	16491	8486	1218000
Income taxes - current	-5779	-2074	514000
Income taxes - deferred	-147	925	87000
Total income taxes	-5927	-1149	1821000
Profit	10563	7337	7726000
Profit attributable to owners of parent	10563	7337	4027000
Average number of shares outstanding - basic	51.331	53.169	-39000
Average number of shares outstanding - diluted	51.623	53.29	3987000
Year end shares outstanding	48.244	52.295	3738000
Earnings per share - basic	205.78	137.99	-70000
Earnings per share - diluted	204.62	137.68	3808000
Number of full time employees	3825	3579	53996.5
Number of part time employees	10421	10114	54066.499
Number of common stockholders	57105	65030	53996.5

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FIN 300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: International Financial Reporting Standards, Operating Cash Flow, Free Cash Flow

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