BLG 251 Lecture Notes - Meiosis, Genotype, Mutation

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11 Jan 2013
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Variation is the presence of any differences (genotypic and phenotypic), between individuals in a population, or between parents and offspring. Genotypic variation can be due to: mutation, random assortment during meiosis, crossing over during meiosis, random fertilisation of gametes. Phenotypic variation can be due to: genetic factors, environmental factors, combination of both. Variation provides organisms with a means of producing new phenotypes. Variations to the structure or behaviour of an organism may confer a selective advantage to survive and reproduce. Evolution is the sum of changes of heritable characteristics in population. Natural selection is the process where organisms that are better adapted to their. It is the development of life in geological time environment survive and breed. Those that fail to adapt will not survive. The environment therefore exerts a selection pressure on the population. Allele frequency is the commonness of the occurrence of any particular allele in a population.

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