BLG 400 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Dihybrid Cross, Mutual Exclusivity, Punnett Square

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Monohybrid crosses revealed units of inheritance and the law of segregation: Mendel crossed pure-breeding lines that differed in only one trait (eg pea colour) Examined phenotypes of f1 and f2 progeny: p: parental, pure breeding. F1 progeny have only one of the parental traits. Both parental traits reappear in f2 progeny in a 3:1 ratio. Mendel proposed that each plant carries 2 copies of a unit of inheritance: Discreet unit od inheritance are now known as genes : alternative forms of a single gene are alleles , individuals with 2 different alleles for a single trait are monohybrids . Wild type (wt) allele: allele that dictates the most frequently observed phenotype in a population, sometimes designated by + . The 2 alleles for each trait separate during gamete formation. 2 gametes, one from each parent, unite at random at fertiliation. Each f1 hybrid produces 2 kinds of gametes in a 1:1 ratio.

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