BMS 607 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Interphase, Aneuploidy, Mitosis

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Document Summary

Dna in the cell is packaged into chromosomes. Chromosomes provide organization and structure, and regulate access: structural elements provide function, e. g. centromeres and telomeres, heterochromatin reinforces structure and organization. Must have transcription, replication and segregation: histones interact with dna to regulate transcription, replication and segregation packaging problem: Chromatin and nucleosomes give identity and order to the nucleus. Histones allow dna to wrap around- safe from enzymes and water. It also packages dna into a format that can fit transcription: Transcriptional units beside the core promoter- exons and introns and orf (open reading frame) and utr (untranslated regions) Dnmt can promote or repress transcription- can be brought to dna by transcription factors or methylation. Transcription and replication both require access to the dna. Polymerases need single stranded dna: poly(cid:373)e(cid:396)izatio(cid:374) goes 5 to 3 , (cid:396)e(cid:395)ui(cid:396)es a 3 -oh. Fidelity- how close the copy is to the original. Processive replication- how fast and accurately it can work- efficiency of the fork.

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