BLG 400 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Chin, Asexual Reproduction, Sickle-Cell Disease

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29 Jan 2016

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Reproduction: the ability of an organism to make an exact or near exact copy of itself. Sexual reproduction: genes from 2 parents combined via fusion of gametes producing offspring that are genetically distinct from both parents. Asexual reproduction: any reproduction resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent (budding, parthenogenesis) Diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes (2n), one set of chromosomes inherited by the mother, the other set inherited by the father. Haploid number: number of distinct chromosome sets in a cell (n) Meiocyte: specialized diploid cell set aside to produce gametes by meiosis. Gamete: haploid reproductive cell that can fuse with another haploid cell to form a zygote (egg cell and sperm) of multicellular eukaryotes. Zygote: diploid cell formed by union of two haploid gametes. Occurs in multicellular animals capable of undergoing embryological development to form adult. Somatic cells: any type of cell in a multicellular organism except the eggs and sperm (gametes) and their precursors.

Related Questions

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about chromosomes?

Prokaryotes have a singel, circular chromosome

Eukaryotes have multiple, linear chromosomes.

Human cells normally 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Eukaryote chromosomes are composed of only DNA

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about reproduction?

Eukaryotes life cycles include a haploid and diploid phase.

Prokaryotes reproduce asexually.

Eukaryotes can propagate by asexual or sexual reproduction.

Prokaryotes typically reproduce slower than eukaryotes.

Which of the folllowing animal cells is most likely haploid?

nerve cell

muscle cell

sperm cell

liver cell

When human gametes fuse, they form a _____.

		Haploid egg
		Diploid zygote
		Haploid zygote
		Triploid egg

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 1 options:

	gamete
	somatic cells
	zygote
	sexual reproduction

1.	Reproductive life cycle that involves an alternation between haploid and diploid cells
2.	A single cell with a diploid number of chromosomes resulting from the fusion of an egg and a sperm.
3.	Cells (egg or sperm) resulting from a meiotic division of germ-line cells
4.	The non-reproductive cells found in embryos and mature individuals

Question 2 (5 points)

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 2 options:

	syngamy
	haploid
	meiosis
	diploid
	germ-line cells

1.	The cells that will eventually undergo meiosis to produce gametes.
2.	The number of chromosomes found in gametes (eggs or sperm).
3.	The process by which two haploid gametes fuse to form a new diploid cell.
4.	A specialized reduction division that produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.
5.	Two sets of chromosomes present in the somatic cells of adult individuals.

Question 1 (2 points)

In which phase of cell division is marked by the dissolution of the nuclear membrane, the condensation of chromosomes, and the formation of the mitotic spindle?

Question 1 options:

	prophase
	metaphase
	telophase
	anaphase

Question 2 (2 points)

The physical separation of cells during cell division is called:

Question 2 options:

	Cytokinesis
	Telophase
	Interphase
	Chromosome
	Cell plate

Question 3 (2 points)

Meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction; the gametes formed during this process before fertilization are _______________.

Question 3 options:

	Haploid
	Diploid
	Zygote
	Homologous
	Tetrads

Question 4 (2 points)

Mitosis is the process by which a ___________ cell separates the chromosomes in its nucleus into two identical sets of nuclei.

Question 4 options:

	eukaryotic
	prokaryotic
	bacterial
	all of these are correct

Question 5 (2 points)

Which of the following statements about crossing over is INCORRECT?

Question 5 options:

	It occurs between homologous chromosomes
	It allows for two parents to produce many different types of offspring
	It contributes to genetic diversity in a population
	It occurs during prophase I of mitosis

BLG 400 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Chin, Asexual Reproduction, Sickle-Cell Disease

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