CRM 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Paranoid Personality Disorder, Paranoid Schizophrenia, Schizoid Personality Disorder
3 May 2018
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Chapter 12 - PERSONALITY DISORDERS
An Overview
▪ Personality Disorder
▪ Persistent pattern of emotions, cognitions, and behaviour that results in enduring
emotional distress for the person affected and/or for others and may cause difficulties
with work and relationships
o They do not seek treatment until there’s so major impairment
o Do poorly in treatment
o Chronic = hard to change personality
An Overview
Categorical and dimensional models
• Problems of kind vs. problems of degree
• Categorical – yes or no (do you have broken leg)
• Dimensional – continuum - level
Five‐factor model of personality - Everyone have these traits but on different levels (OCEAN)
1. Openness to Experience – try new things – try new food = open on the spectrum
2. Conscientiousness – how detail orientated someone is. High = organize
3. Extraversion – how much your battery get charged when with others. Social = high
4. Agreeableness – how well we get along with other ppl
5. Neuroticism – emotional person emotionally reactive = high. Calm ppl – low
An Overview: Personality Disorder Clusters
Cluster A: odd or eccentric
Cluster B: dramatic, emotional, erratic
Cluster C: anxious, fearful
PD NOS – personality disorder – not otherwise specified – don’t know what it is
An Overview
Statistics and development
• Prevalence data lacking, except for antisocial
• Often don’t seek help until many years of distress
o They think everyone else is having a problem
• Chronic
o Do not go away
• EGO SYNTONIC ‐ most people are largely comfortable with themselves, with their
characteristic manner of behaving, feeling, and relating to others – lack insight
o Therefore don’t seek treatment
An Overview
Gender differences
• Criterion gender bias
o Criteria are biased
o Assessment gender bias
o Assessments are biased
Comorbidity
• In general, 0.5‐2%
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• High comorbidity among PDs
• About 30%
Personality Disorder Clusters
Info
DSM
Cluster A: odd or
eccentric
1. Paranoid personality disorder
• Mistrustful and suspicious
• Paranoid schizophrenia; delusional disorder
o Schemas
Don’t have close friends because don’t trust
them.
- Very argumentive
- Complainer
- Ongoing doubt about others
- Grudge holders
Causes
• Biological
• Psychological
o Early mistreatment/trauma
▪ As a child
o Schemas
▪ How out mind
▪ interrupt
everyday world
• Cultural Factor
o Prisoners, refugees, elderly, etc.
A. A pervasive distrust and suspiciou
motives are interpreted as malevolent, be
present in a variety of contexts, as indic
following:
1. Suspects others are exploiting, harmin
2. Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts
trustworthiness of friends or associa
3. Is reluctant to confide in others bec
information will be used maliciousl
4. Reads hidden demeaning or threatenin
remarks or events.
5. Persistently bears grudges, (i.e., is u
slights).
6. Perceives attacks on his or her chara
apparent to others and is quick to re
7. Has recurrent suspicions, without justi
spouse or sexual partner.
2. Schizoid personality disorder
• Detachment form others
• Limited range of emotions
• Aloof, cold, indifferent
Causes
• Biological
o Parent have you have
• Psychological
o Abuse/neglect childhood drama
o Autism?
o Social deficits - not going to spend time
on social relationship
A. A pervasive pattern of detachment f
restricted range of expression of emotion
beginning by early adulthood and prese
indicated by four (or more) of the following
1. Neither desires nor enjoys close relations
of a family.
2. Almost always chooses solitary acti
3. Has little, if any, interest in having se
person.
4. Takes pleasure in few, if any, activit
5. Lacks close friends or confidants ot ‐
6. Appears indifferent to the praise or
7. Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or
3. Schizotypal personality disorder
• Socially isolated
• Suspicious
• Odd beliefs -
• Ideas of reference
A. A pervasive pattern of social and in
acute discomfort with, and reduced c
as well as by cognitive or perceptual
behaviour, beginning by early adulthood a
contexts, as indicated by five (or more
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Causes
• Biological
o one phenotype of schizophrenia
genotype
o Damage to left hemisphere
o Family member might have
o Just because have schizotypal it doesn’t
mean have to get schizophrenia but a lot
of them do
o Less severe version of schizophrenia
o Left brain = numbers, puzzle solving etc
o Right brain = creative
1. Ideas of reference (excluding delusi
2. Odd beliefs or magical thinking that in
inconsistent with subcultural norm
in clairvoyance, telepathy, or “sixth sense”; in children and
adolescents, bizarre fantasies or pre
o Impacts behaviours
3. Unusual perceptual experiences, includi
o You hear sounds that are a bit
o Part of their body feels not rig
4. Odd thinking and speech (e.g., vague
overelaborate, or stereotyped).
5. Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.
6. Inappropriate or constricted affect.
o constricted affect – not showing
o Wrong emotion at wrong time
7. Behaviour or appearance that is odd,
o Wear strange clothes
8. Lack of close friends or confidants ot ‐
o They do desire the relationshi
don’t like
9. Excessive social anxiety that does not
tends to be associated with paranoid fe
judgments about self.
Cluster B:
dramatic,
emotional, erratic
1. Antisocial personality disorder
• Irresponsible, impulsive, deceitful
• Sociopathy, psychopathy
• Conduct disorder
Psychopathy
• non‐DSM‐5
• Similar to antisocial PD, but less emphasis
on overt behaviour; indicators include
superficial charm, lack of remorse
• IQ might differentiate who is in criminal
justice system
- Those who we been able to study and
those who we havent
- Because they smart = don’t catch them =
cant study because we study base on ppl
in jail
Causes
• Genetic
o Inherbitlity
A. A pervasive pattern of disregard for
others, occurring since age 15 year
more) of the following:
1. Failure to conform to social norms wi
as indicated by repeatedly performin
arrest.
o Breaks the law. Don’t have to be arrested already
2. Deceitfulness, as indicated by repea
conning others for personal profit or ple
o Lairs
3. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead.
4. Irritability and aggressiveness, as indi
fights or assaults.
5. Reckless disregard for safety of self or
6. Consistent irresponsibility, as indic
consistent work behaviour or honour
7. Lack of remorse, as indicated by be
having hurt, mistreated, or stolen fr
B. The individual is at least age 18 yea
C. There is evidence of conduct disorde
years.
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Document Summary
Categorical and dimensional models: problems of kind vs. problems of degree, categorical yes or no (do you have broken leg, dimensional continuum - level. Five factor model of personality - everyone have these traits but on different levels (ocean: openness to experience try new things try new food = open on the spectrum, conscientiousness how detail orientated someone is. High = organize: extraversion how much your battery get charged when with others. Social = high: agreeableness how well we get along with other ppl, neuroticism emotional person emotionally reactive = high. Pd nos personality disorder not otherwise specified don"t know what it is. Gender differences: criterion gender bias, criteria are biased, assessment gender bias, assessments are biased. In general, 0. 5 2: high comorbidity among pds, about 30% Cluster a: odd or eccentric: paranoid personality disorder, mistrustful and suspicious, paranoid schizophrenia; delusional disorder, schemas. Don"t have close friends because don"t trust them.
