CRM 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Anxiety Disorder, Personal Distress, Dsm-5
3 May 2018
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CHAPTER 1 – ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR IN HISTORAL CONTEXT
What is Abnormal?
• Statistically abnormal.
• Anything at the ends of the ball curves
o Psychological dysfunction:
▪ if interfere with daily life activities:
▪ cognitive, emotional or physically. like going to school
o Personal distress or impairment:
▪ difficulty performing certain role:
▪ like being a student,
o Atypical or not culturally expected:
▪ outside cultural norms, like fairies talked to someone
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5)
Example:
• Uncle consues uate of hiskey, a’t eee aes
o aye thee’s a easo to dik fo hi,
o e do’t ko if ule is feelig ad aout it ad if hes oly seeig oe guy pe
day, its not dysfunctional and not interfering his daily life activity
• Grandma thinks part of body is missing and cries about it, she thinks its still missing even
when shown its there
o abnormal since its interfering its daily life activity
o Thikig Missig pat of ody he she does’t its aoal
o Dementia is or not abnormal and Alzheimer?
▪ hard to determine
• Woe lost he husad, she talks to heself ad does’t ash heself ad lost a lot of
weight
o Abnormal since it effects its daily life and her health, interrupting with her
function.
o Maybe its not abnormal where she comes from place its normal not to wash or
just talk when death happens, or its continual depression for brief , consider
length of depression
• 10 yearold wants to have all his body tattooed.
o age factors, maybe tattoo as art, maybe
o aoal ased o statistis of oes do’t wanna get tattoo at his age
• 23 years smokes 4-5 marjuanna a day, a straight A student and has successful job.
o maybe normal due to no dysfunctional effect maybe abnormal since effect on
brain cells
We need to consider context, stress, anxiety, whether dysfunction its daily life or not, effect
to health? Consider the length of what’s happening, age, environment, culture
Psychopathology
• The sietifi study of psyhologial disodes’
• People trained who got PHD in clinical psychology can work in this, they do’t pesie
medications
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• Psychiatrist:
o first earn an M.D. degree in medical school and then specialize in psychiatry
during residency training that lasts 3 to 4 years.
o Psychiatrists also investigate the nature and causes of psychological disorders,
▪ often from a biological point of view;
▪ make diagnoses;
▪ and offer treatments.
o Many psychiatrists emphasize drugs or other biological treatments, although
most use psychosocial treatments as well.
• Psychiatric social workers
o typially ea a aste’s degee in social work
o collecting information relevant to the social and family situation of the individual
with a psychological disorder.
o Social workers also treat disorders, often concentrating on family problems
associated with them
• Clinical and counseling psychologists
o receive the Ph.D. degree and follow a course of graduate-level study,
o that prepares them to conduct research into the causes and treatment of
psychological disorders and to
▪ diagnose,
▪ assess, and
▪ treat these disorders
• counseling psychologists
o study and treat adjustment and vocational issues encountered by relatively
healthy individuals,
o cannot treat disorders
o concentrate on more severe psychological disorders. Can treat
• The scientist-practitioner
o keep up with the latest scientific developments in their field: use the most
current diagnostic and treatment procedures.
o evaluate their own treatment and procedure to see whether they work
o conduct research, often in clinics or hospitals;
▪ produces new information about disorders or their treatment;
▪ becoming immune to the fads that plague our field,
o person who is researching and practicing to make sure treatment is scientific to
make sure the treatment is perfect or effective
Definition:
• Clinical description:
o represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that
make up a specific disorder.
o What disorder symptoms are
• Prevalence and incidence
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o Prevalence: how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder.
o Incidence: Statistics on how many new cases occur during a given period,
• Onset:
o the first appearance of the signs or symptoms of an illness as
o some disorders tend to happen at different time/ stages
• course:
o is the time the abnormality is taking place
o how long the disorder will last: some long term, others will go away
• In addition to having
o different symptoms, a different age of onset, and possibly a different sex ratio
and prevalence, most disorders follow a somewhat individual pattern, or course
chronic course, meaning that they tend to last a long time, sometimes a whole
lifetime mood disorders (see Chapter 7),
o follow an episodic course in which the individual is likely to recover within a few
months,
o only to have a recurrence of the disorder later time limited course, meaning the
disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period.
• Causation, treatment, and outcomes: = Etiology:
o where this disorder comes from,
o the study of origins,
o has to do with why a disorder begins (what causes it) and includes biological,
psychological,
o and social dimensions.
The Past: Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behaviour
The Supernatural Tradition
o Demons and witches:
o it was known to be the cause of the abnormalities. Catholic churches believes
that in the middle times magic would solve the disorder
o Stress and melancholy (depression):
o also thought its caused by mental or emotional stress; the treatment was to rest
and treated better
o Treatments for possession:
o because sinful people are carrying evil spirits,
o exorcism - religious or spiritual practice - evicting demons or other spiritual
entities from a person
▪ it still happens today.
▪ priests clearing the area from spirits
o The moon and the stars:
o full moon makes people act crazy. No research that moon influence our mood or
personality.
o Bloodletting:
o cut and let blood out to change the equilibrium of the blood since it was thought
its cause of the abnormal
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Document Summary
Chapter 1 abnormal behaviour in historal context. Consider the length of what"s happening, age, environment, culture. Definition: clinical description, represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder, what disorder symptoms are, prevalence and incidence, prevalence: how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder. The supernatural tradition: demons and witches: it was known to be the cause of the abnormalities. No research that moon influence our mood or personality: bloodletting, cut and let blood out to change the equilibrium of the blood since it was thought its cause of the abnormal. Behavior genetics: study of individual differences in behavior that are caused y differences in genetic make up, some genes = more likely to give us certain disorders. Genotype: unobservable genetic constitution: genetic maps we have inside of us, mom = blue eyes, dad = brown eyes = possible that we have either.
