CRM 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Crime Mapping, Social Disorganization Theory, Broken Windows Theory
28 Jun 2018
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CRM100
Lecture 4
Racial Profiling
- When police officers discriminate against persons and groups they are racially profiling
-Notion for police to be affective, the public must consent to being policed
-Police also need cooperation of the public, they need support from community members
(witnesses)
-Some communities may feel they are treated unfairly or targeted by police (minority groups)
-The relationship between the police and pubic are changing overtime
-Police brutality/racism to POC might not cause everyone to lose confidence in police but the
group targeted may lose confidence
-Often disadvantaged and marginalized communities lose confidence in police as opposed to
general public
-People who have been victimized by crime may lack confidence in police protecting them while
people not affected by crime may look at things differently
-Impact on people’s confidence in policing and the criminal justice system:
-Overrepresentation of crime on media which leads to the public feeling crime and violence is
more serious than it is (statistically crime rates have fallen but bc of news coverage there is a
widely held opinion that the world is getting more dangerous which leads to people losing
confidence in police)
-We tend not to take about when the courts system has worked
-Recidism- when someone convicted of a crime, continues crime (repeat offenders)
-Rates of recidism are lower than the public thinks
-The public tend to focus on issues that strike close to home, narrow view (membisim: not in my
backyard)
-The public want actions that protect them where they are
-Programs to limit reoffenders have proven to be affective but people do not want the facilities
opening in their community
-The public’s view of the police and relationship with police is important bc having a relationship
with public gives police legitimacy
-Peel’s policing changes and evolves
-In the 20th century there is a shift to professional policing (evolution of professional policing)
-Professional policing is defined by random patrol, rapid response and reactive investigation
-Random patrol is based on the presence of police being a deterrence for crime (people see
police and deter from committing crime acts) (police patrolling on foot and in car)
-Rapid response: as cities grew authorities realized police cannot be there at all time but you can
call in a crime and police will try to get there as quickly as possible
-Reactive investigation: more resources devoted
-Idea of random patrol is that this is where the police builds relationship and consent with
public/communities
-Issue with professional policing is that there isn’t much attention to why crime is being
committed in the first place
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
-Idea of policing adheres to Peels idea of modern policing thought isn’t put into underlying
causes of crime but only there is crime we must react
-Police is someone you can trust, someone who has the public well-being in mind, but they aren’t
someone to have underlying discussions with
-Professional model is effective in neighborhoods where crime doesn’t occur a lot and lack of
social problems and tension
-After the 20th century, people who study issues involving crime and policing increased and all
this research in policing and crime showed the same results: what makes police affective is
making meaningful relationships to communities
-When people have trust in police that is when they will share information
-The whole idea of police being the authoritive outsider
-This was an era when police were not putting a lot of thought in diversity and it created tension
and bad relationship with communities
-All these concerns of racial profiling make research showing relationships matter
-Leads to new innovation of community policing which makes the new model of policing in 1980s
-CP focuses on building confidence in police and public consent
-Changes the way policing is delivered to communities
-PP had 3 Rs, CP is about the 3 Ps
-Prevention, Partnership & Problem Solving
-Prevent crime from occurring in the first place, the focus of policing should be on preventing
crime not just responding to crime
-Partnership: police departments across community starts partnership with community (schools)
-Builds relationship between members of the community and police (see them in community and
spoke to them before and when crime occurs police have group of people they can go to for
information, addressing social issues)
-If police work with building relationships with public, public will have confidence in police (focus
of community policing is on areas with high crime)
-Community policing was an idealistic movement
-All research showed this was what we needed to fix problems with police and distrust people
had with police
-How do we evaluate success with community policing? Look at only crime rates or do we try to
find new ways to measure public’s confidence in police
-Accusation drawn with public policing is two faced policing (police play basketball with kids but
we still see police officers abuse authority and treat segments of population unfairly PR move)
-They aren’t really changing behavior
-CP is not static and has changed over time through CP providing an excuse for the dramatic
increase in surveillance by police
-Carding is controversial topic in Canada (police stop people in disadvantaged areas and take
their information)
-Carding evolves from community policing
-Move to community policing coincides with the massive increase in surveillance and data by
police
-Community policing which came from hey let’s build meaning relationships with public is now
massive surveillance on public
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
When police officers discriminate against persons and groups they are racially profiling. Notion for police to be affective, the public must consent to being policed. Police also need cooperation of the public, they need support from community members (witnesses) Some communities may feel they are treated unfairly or targeted by police (minority groups) The relationship between the police and pubic are changing overtime. Police brutality/racism to poc might not cause everyone to lose confidence in police but the group targeted may lose confidence. Often disadvantaged and marginalized communities lose confidence in police as opposed to general public. People who have been victimized by crime may lack confidence in police protecting them while people not affected by crime may look at things differently. Impact on people"s confidence in policing and the criminal justice system: We tend not to take about when the courts system has worked. Recidism- when someone convicted of a crime, continues crime (repeat offenders)
