GEO 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: 2D Computer Graphics, Refraction, Comparative Advantage
18 Jun 2018
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Geography 106 Intensive Course – QUIZ #3 – Time-Space, Interaction
Know what capacity, cognitive and coupling, and capability constraints are.
Types of Constraints on Time-Space
- Capacity constraints: the size of the time-space prism
- Capability constraints: our level of mobility and accessibility
- Coupling constraints: our ability to connect opportunities (the arrow of time)
- Control (authority) constraints: who gate keeps the opportunities?
- Cognitive constraints: out knowledge of opportunities within it
Know what a time-space paths, prisms and cubes are.
Time-Space Diagrams, Paths, Cubes and Prisms
- We can organize time-space using time-space diagrams comprised of paths, cubes and prisms
- Diagrams are comprised of horizontal space axis and a vertical time axis
- Paths are particular sets of locations and movements undertaken in a time space diagram
- Cubes convert the 2D diagrams and paths into more precise 3D time-spaces comprised of 2D space and
1D time dimensions
- Prisms show how much of the time-space cube is available to you given your many constraints
Know what the implications of time-space are.
Some Implications of Time-Space
- Time is immutable – it moves at the same pace for everyone
- Only speed can change the amount of space you can access
- More space = more potential opportunities
- More resources (e.g. money) = more options for speeding up
- Improved technology (e.g. roads/vehicles) = improved speed, but… more traffic = decreased speed
- More knowledge of opportunities = better chance of getting them
- Better health = faster speeds and wider time-space prism
- Too young/old = slower speeds and smaller T-S prisms
Know what has happened to time-space prisms over time.
- Discrimination
- Technology (transportation)
- Urbanization (more streets, etc.)
Know the time-space implications for each stage of the life cycle. During the life cycle.
Know to what the ‘global village’ concept refers.
A Global Village?
- A related concept is that of Marshall McLuhan’s Global Village – the notion that the world has become a
much smaller place due to technological changes
- More than half of the world’s population lives less than 1 hour from a major city, but not everywhere:
- 85% of the developed world
- 35% of the developing world
- 95% of the world’s population is concentrated on just 10% of the world’s land
- Only about 10% of the world’s surface is more than 48 hours from a large city
Know what the effect of time-space convergence on distance decay curves and social economic
systems has been.
Time-Space Convergence and Distance Decay
- “The first law of geography is that “everything is related to everything else but near things are more
related than distant things” – Tobler 1970
Economic Systems and Time-Space Convergence
- Commuting Time: the medieval workplace-home relationship was on the order of 1 hour of ~5km…
today the same travel time will result in about 50-100km and thus increases the opportunities available
to people
- Imports of Commodities: 200 years ago, it took 5 months to import silk from China… today it takes ~10
day, changing the nature of how we define an expensive product
- Finance: in 1980 currency exchange rates were calculated daily… today they’re set almost hourly
depending on the transaction
Document Summary
Geography 106 intensive course quiz #3 time-space, interaction. Know what capacity, cognitive and coupling, and capability constraints are. Capacity constraints: the size of the time-space prism. Capability constraints: our level of mobility and accessibility. Coupling constraints: our ability to connect opportunities (the arrow of time) Cognitive constraints: out knowledge of opportunities within it. Know what a time-space paths, prisms and cubes are. We can organize time-space using time-space diagrams comprised of paths, cubes and prisms. Diagrams are comprised of horizontal space axis and a vertical time axis. Paths are particular sets of locations and movements undertaken in a time space diagram. Cubes convert the 2d diagrams and paths into more precise 3d time-spaces comprised of 2d space and. Prisms show how much of the time-space cube is available to you given your many constraints. Time is immutable it moves at the same pace for everyone. Improved technology (e. g. roads/vehicles) = improved speed, but more traffic = decreased speed.
