GMS 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Midvale Steel, Punched Card, Hawthorne Effect
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Overview: scientific management era, social man/behavioural era, modern era contingency theory. Industrial revolution: substitution of machine power for human power, steam engine, the factory system , charles babbage (1792-1871, designed first ever computer, storage device, arithmetic unit, and a punch card input system. One best way": midvale steel company, workers purposely operate below their capabilities. Drawbacks of taylorism: slow to change, changes in capacities and processes expensive, money alone motivates workers. Initially, the study focused on lighting: elton mayo (harvard) Selected 6 women and segregated them from the rest of the factory and put them under the eye of a supervisor who was more a friendly observer than disciplinarian. Mayo made frequent changes in their working conditions. They were given two five minute breaks, one in the morning one done in the afternoon for a period of 5 weeks. The breaks were each lengthened to 10 mins. The workday was shortened to end at 4. 30 p. m. instead of 5. 00 p. m.