LIR 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Nonverbal Communication, Chronemics, Proxemics

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LIR100-05
Video- Hong Kong Strong
Nonverbal communication
Language
- More efficient
- Gives us the illusion that we can conquer the world
- Signals are really being sent in vastly more numerous qualities in nonverbal
communication
Reading week 4
- Number of basic theoretical approaches to nonverbal communication
- Nurture vs nature- found in philosophy, psychology, Francis Goldman (intelligence is
inherited so nature- inheritance is in nature),
- Behaviourism- nurture- paying attention to what’s been taught- behaviour is something
taught
- Msphrokey- functionalist, interested in context of situation- role nonverbal behaviour
pattern plays
- Blending all 3- partly inherited, partly taught, partly functional inspect
- Can approach topic in terms of universals and cultural specific modifications- smiling
(something seen across cultures regardless of population, literacy, contact with western
cultures- nonverbal behaviour)
- Is smiling simply universal? – how is smiling not inherited? – culture tells you when to
smile and not smile as you grow up, how to smile, culture tells you the function of
smiling in specific context- smiling is all 3- parents and people around you teach you
how often to smile, when it is appropriate to smile- functional approach tells you how
context plays a role (when someone broke an arm is it okay to smile?)
- smile plays a disguising role- embarrassment (b/c of big goof up)- anger (someone left
item on floor)- in Japan person masks those emotions by smiling when tripped in food
court and spilled food
- laughing, frowning, smiling- all people in all cultures participate in these universal
emotions
- common features of surprised- wide eyes, raised eyebrows- in genetic makeup because it
allows you to survive- eyes wide open to see light and danger (survival mechanism),
dropping jaw to show teeth (showing ready to fight), freeing hands (to fight),
- nurture based perspective- ways of immediate action after showing surprise will be
culturally modified,
- recognize all different perspectives and blend them together in more complex methods
- modification of functions- function of bargaining in China-somethings learned and
difficult to explain to other
- intercultural modifications/interpretations- more difficult to explain, how others interpret
what you do, hard to make actions fit- intercultural relations come in its own because we
can easily misinterpret people- (Germans think Americans smile too much so they must
be insincere)
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- stereotypes happen when one’s culture is different from someone else
More examples
- Chinese consumers hate new car smell- people concerned with air pollution in China-
oltifacts
- Raising eyebrows- has lots of meanings- cyanotic (numerous meanings and
interpretations)
- Raising eyebrows rapidly- chronemics mapped with proxemics- inappropriate when
power dynamic can be seen as manipulative- appropriate when equal power and one is
joking- in Philippines raising eyebrows is a simple, polite way of acknowledging
someone else but in California it is flirting- basic subliminal messages can have different
meanings in different cultures
- Hand gestures- can be misinterpreted very easily across different cultures- putting thumbs
up means good job in Western society, for older generation rude (means up your ass), can
be positive, negative, neutral- hand counting in Chinese starts with thumbs up- Germany
used to represent 1, Japan used to represent 5
- Different gestures in different cultures- China cat people assume its waving but it is
actually saying “welcome guest”- cat is beckoning not waving- in Chinese culture rude to
beckon someone the western way because you’re implying they are a dog
- power, gender, familiarity
- refusal to shake hands- what does it mean? – if hand is shaken different meaning,
choosing to shake hands vs. not shaking hands- knowing how to interact- all sorts of
meaning is communicated or denied
- when shaking hands- moving back onto layer of touch- kinesis, proxemics, haptics-
people in city stand closer when shaking hands than people in country- morns
Proxemics observations
- field notes should be 2 pages filled from all places observed
- should be writing in first person
- personal observations
Proxemics
- Edward T Hall
- Hidden dimension- book proxemics comes from- book says culture hides more than it
reveals and strangely enough it hides most effectively from own participants, real job is
not to understand foreign culture but rather our own
- We do not understand the way we behave until something/someone draws it to our
attention, to understand another culture we must start by understanding our own
- Pay attention to 4 spheres in relation to each other and vivid relation in distance
- 0- touching most intimate
- up to 1.5 ft.- roughly half an arm’s length,
- 4 ft.- roughly an arm’s length to one large step and one stride- margins of personal space
- 4 large steps- margins of social space
- more than 12 ft.- margins of public space-
- the way interaction dynamics are organized tend to map onto these proxemics dynamics
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Document Summary

Gives us the illusion that we can conquer the world. Signals are really being sent in vastly more numerous qualities in nonverbal communication. Number of basic theoretical approaches to nonverbal communication. Nurture vs nature- found in philosophy, psychology, francis goldman (intelligence is inherited so nature- inheritance is in nature), Behaviourism- nurture- paying attention to what"s been taught- behaviour is something taught. Msphrokey- functionalist, interested in context of situation- role nonverbal behaviour pattern plays. Blending all 3- partly inherited, partly taught, partly functional inspect. Can approach topic in terms of universals and cultural specific modifications- smiling (something seen across cultures regardless of population, literacy, contact with western cultures- nonverbal behaviour) Chinese consumers hate new car smell- people concerned with air pollution in china- oltifacts. Raising eyebrows- has lots of meanings- cyanotic (numerous meanings and interpretations) If hand is shaken different meaning, choosing to shake hands vs. not shaking hands- knowing how to interact- all sorts of meaning is communicated or denied.

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