NSE 22A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Overactive Bladder, Urinary Retention, Ace Inhibitor
Document Summary
Daily voiding patterns and any recent changes. Urgency: sudden and compelling urge to void that cannot be postponed. Nocturia: getting up at night to void. Dribbling: leakage of urine despite voluntary control of urination. Retention: accumulation of urine in bladder d/t inability of bladder to empty fully. Elevated post-void residual urine: >100 ml of urine remaining in bladder after voiding. Ace inhibitors (e. g. ramipril) cause diuresis and inhibit aldosterone. Assess condition of skin and mucosal membranes. Assess using light palpations when bladder is >300 ml full. <30 ml/hr for more than 2 hrs. Dark red (suggests bleeding from kidneys or uterus) Bright red (suggests bleeding from bladder or urethra) Dark amber (suggests high concentrations of bilirubin) Transparent at voiding (becomes cloudy when stored in container) Cloudy or foamy freshly voided urine (suggests renal disease) Cloudy and thick (suggests presence of bacteria)