NUR 80A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Sampling Bias, Internal Validity, Hawthorne Effect
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Through control and by fostering internal and external validity in the study. Control: eliminating extraneous influences on the dependent variable (dv). To clarify the true relationship between the dv and the iv so that conclusions at the end of the study can be clearly made that x caused y. By striving for constancy of conditions during the study such as environment, subject treatment etc. Research scenario: researchers want to test the impact of online learning on student grades at ryerson (classroom teaching) and centennial (classroom + online). The dv is the results of the end of course exam. It is important to control four external factors. 4 external factor: environment, treatment for subjects, time, communication to subjects: environment: influence emotion and behavior of the participants, in natural setting: researcher have a less control over the environment. For example: exam room has to be similar.