FNN 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Very Low-Density Lipoprotein, Health Canada, Dental Caries
17 Dec 2017
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What are carbohydrates? important source of energy, especially for nerve cells: one of 3 macronutrients, composed of c, h, o, good sources: fruits, vegetables, grains. Simple carbohydrates, contain 1 or 2 molecules: monosaccharides: contains 1 sugar molecule (cid:314) e. g. glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, disaccharides: contains 2 sugar molecules (cid:314) e. g. maltose, lactose, sucrose. Insulin, hormone secreted by pancreas transported in blood throughout body helps transport glucose from blood into cells stimulates glucose uptake by liver and muscle and glucose (cid:314) glycogen. Glucagon, hormone secreted by pancreas stimulates glycogen (cid:314) glucose stimulates gluconeogenesis. Glucogenesis: production of new glucose from amino acids. Glycemic index, measure of food"s ability to raise blood glucose levels. Foods with low glycemic index cause mild fluctuations in blood glucose levels are better for people with diabetes generally high in fibre: may reduce risk of heart disease, colon cancer, and prostate cancer. How much carbohydrate: rda: 130g/day (important for brain)
