PAT 20A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Hypernatremia, Paresthesia, Hyponatremia

• School: Ryerson University
• Department: Pathotherapeutics
• Course: PAT 20A/B
• Professor: Kathryn Ellis

Document Summary

Homeostasis: fluid, along with the materials it carries, flows through capillaries and across capillary walls into interstitial and intracellular spaces. Exchange in both directions is continuous and is governed by diffusion, osmotic factors and hydrostatic pressure. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmotic factors include: colloid osmotic pressure caused by proteins, osmotic pressure created primarily by sodium. Capillary fluid flow is directly related to the difference of pressure between the arterial and venous ends of capillaries. Arterial hydrostatic pressure (caused by the pumping action of the heart) pushes water, electrolytes, and nutrients through the capillary walls (out). Venous colloid osmotic pressure (created by plasma proteins) pulls water, electrolytes, and cell waste products into the capillary through the capillary walls (in). Q: your patient has interstitial edema (third spacing).