PAT 20A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Proteinuria, Semipermeable Membrane, Cinacalcet
2 Nov 2017
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Document Summary
Kidney disease may result in the partial or complete impairment of kidney function. It results in an inability to excrete metabolic waste products and water as well as functional disturbances of all body systems. This impairment may be acute or chronic in nature. Acute kidney injury (aki) has a rapid onset. Acute kidney failure (arf: the advanced stages of acute kidney injury that call for aggressive management and often necessitate renal replacement therapy. Intra-renal failure: causes include conditions that cause direct damage to the renal tissue (parenchyma), resulting in impaired nephron function. Intrarenal causes are usually owing to prolonged ischemia or the presence of nephrotoxins, hemoglobin released from hemolyzed red blood cells (rbcs), or myoglobin released from necrotic muscle cells: most common intrarenal cause = acute tubular necrosis. With decreased renal blood flow, there is decreased glomerular capillary pressure and gfr + tubular dysfunction, and ultimately, oliguria: ischemia alters glomerular epithelial cells and decreases capillary permeability.
