PHL 201 Lecture Notes - Hard Determinism, John Searle, Incompatibilism

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30 Apr 2012

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This week: free will and determinism. (one of the most ancient problems of philosophy") Positive liberty = what capacities do i actually have? (e. g) If i am penniless, then i"m not really free to travel to india. Even though, negatively speaking, no one is stopping me. How we think of rights is going to depend on how we answer this question: Freedom is a complicated concept, giving rise to many puzzles. The famous free-will determinism controversy arises in a different way. It"s about metaphysical freedom not merely political or legal freedom. (e. g. ) We might be metaphysically unfree even if we are not being blocked from doing more or less what we want. It was supposed in the past that the omniscience of god renders us unfree: (1) god is all knowing (omniscient) (2) god knows what you are going to do, before you do it. (3) therefore, freedom is illusory.

Related Questions

In this problem you are to consider an adiabatic expansion of anideal diatomic gas, which means that the gas expands with noaddition or subtraction of heat.

This applet shows the adiabatic compression and expansion of anideal monatomic gas with \gamma=5/3. It will help you to see thequalitative behavior of adiabatic expansions, though your actualcalculations will use a slightly different gamma.

Assume that the gas is initially at pressure p_0, volume V_0, andtemperature T_0. In addition, assume that the temperature of thegas is such that you can neglect vibrational degrees of freedom.Thus, the ratio of heat capacities is \gamma=C_p/C_V=7/5.

Note that, unless explicitly stated, the variable gamma should notappear in your answers--if needed use the fact that \gamma=7/5 foran ideal diatomic gas.

A. Find an analytic expression for p(V), the pressure as a functionof volume, during the adiabatic expansion.
Express the pressure in terms of V and any or all of the giveninitial values p_0, T_0, and V_0.

B. At the end of the adiabatic expansion, the gas fills a newvolume V_1, where V_1 > V_0. Find W, the work done by the gas onthe container during the expansion.
Express the work in terms of p_0, V_0, and V_1. Your answer shouldnot depend on temperature.

C. Find Delta U, the change of internal energy of the gas duringthe adiabatic expansion from volume V_0 to volume V_1.
Express the change of internal energy in terms of p_0, V_0, and/orV_1.

Hi everyone,
I'm International Students and I have difficault to understand someproblems in physics. I want to do extra work to be ready forMidtearm.
Please if there is any one can help me by showing me how to solveit.
and if u can show me the steps because I will use it asnotes.

1-What are the metric prefixes for ten and tenth?

2-If you multiplied 7774 m by 36 m, how many significant figuresshould you report in your answer?

3-A ball is dropped:
What is its initial speed?
What is the magnitude of its initial acceleration?

4-A jogger jogs two blocks directly north.
(a) How do the jogger's average speed and the magnitude of theaverage velocity compare?
average speed ( ) magnitude of average velocity
(b) If the jogger's return trip follows the same path, how doaverage speed and magnitude of the average velocity compare for thetotal trip?
average speed ( ) magnitude of average velocity

5-A child's cubic play block has a mass of 115 g and sides of 5.2cm. When placed in a bath tub full of water, will the cube sink orfloat?
(sink) or (float)

6-A ball with a radius of 8 cm and a mass of 550 g is thrown into alake. Will the ball sink or float?
(sink) or (float)

7-Persons A and B do the same job, but B takes longer
Who does the greater amount of work?
person A, person B, Or all the same
Who is more "powerful"?
Person A or Person B

8- Which two renewable energy sources depend on the weather?(Select all that apply.)
geothermal
biomass
tidal
solar
wind

9- The two common liquids used in liquid-in-glass thermometers arealcohol (ethanol) and mercury, which have melting points andboiling points of -114Â°C, 79Â°C and -39Â°C, 357Â°C,respectively.
Which one of these thermometers would be better for low temperaturemeasurements?
(alcohol or mercury)
Which one of these thermometers would be better for hightemperature measurements?
(alcohol or mercury)

10-What determines the phase of a substance? (Select all thatapply.)
humidity
temperature
amount of the substance
pressure

11-What is the difference between a longitudinal wave and atransverse wave?

Longitudinal wave: particle displacement is (---) parallelperpendicular to wave velocity.
Transverse wave: particle displacement is ( ------) perpendicularparallel to wave velocity.

Give an example of a longitudinal wave.
(sound wave in air OR
light wave)
Give an example of a transverse wave.
(sound wave in air Or
light wave)

12-Which end (blue or red) of the visible spectrum has the shorterwavelength?
Which has the lower frequency?

13- How long does the image of a 18-in ruler appear in a planemirror?
Does this depend on the distance the ruler is from themirror?
(Yes OR
No)

14-What optical phenomenon causes soap bubbles and oil slicks toshow colorful displays?

15- Which two particles that make up atoms have about the samemass? (Select all that apply.)
protons
electrons
neutrons

16- Which two have the same magnitude of electric charge? (Selectall that apply.)
neutrons
electrons
protons

17- Name one phenomenon that can only be explained by light havinga wave nature.
polarization
photoelectric effect
acceleration
displacement

18- How are frequency and wavelength of an electromagnetic waverelated?
higher the frequency, longer the wavelength
higher the frequency, shorter the wavelength
the frequency and wavelength are not direclty related

19- What other name is often used to refer to the electron cloudmodel of the atom?
plum pudding model
billiard ball model
quantum model
nuclear model
planetary model

20- What are the names of the elements with the followingsymbols?
(a) Ne
(b) Li
(c) He

21- After 4 half-lives have gone by, what fraction of a sample of aradioactive isotope remains? (Write your answer in fractionform.)

22- What are the most common names for these compounds andions?
(a) N2O
(b) HCl
(c) C2H3O2 ?
(d) PO43-

23- What is the formula for the common household compound known astable salt? (Type your answer using the format CO2 for CO2.)

24- What element has the lowest electronegativity?
What element has the second highest electronegativity?

Give the Stock system name for the following.
(a) Cr(OH)2
(b) CuCl2
(c) AuBr3

PHL 201 Lecture Notes - Hard Determinism, John Searle, Incompatibilism

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