PHL 214 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Religious Text, Infant Formula, Multinational Corporation

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For each of the following passages, determine whether it does or does not contain an argument, and give reasons for your judgment. If the passage does contain an argu- ment, indicate the conclusion: people normally believe what others tell them unless there is reason to be suspicious. This reliance on other people is called depending on testimony. This passage was giving facts to explain the definition of depending on testimony which means this passage does not contain an argument: to know any claim with certainty, you have to know you are awake. To know you are awake, you have to prove you are awake. Therefore, no one can know any claim with certainty. To be credible, that oath must be sworn on a religious text. No atheist can swear an oath on a religious text. So we can see that no atheist can demonstrate his loyal- ty to the state.

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