PSY 308 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Syllogism, Belief Perseverance, Deductive Reasoning
24 May 2018
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Deductive logic
- You don’t know which button is which and you get to choose one of them – you don’t know
which guard is which but they know which button is which
o You can ask them only one question – what do you ask?
- You have all the information you need to solve them
o The solution is to ask either the guards which door will the other guard point to if I ask
him which is the door to freedom
▪ Getting them to use their own self awareness to answer the question
- Nonbelievers will be punished in a lake of fire
o Simple deduction
▪ If I believe in this categorical syllogism, then all it entails
If then statements
- Requires us to think like computer engineers and less like folks
- If the lights are on then someone is home
o If we deny the consequent, then we know that its not a bad sprocket
- Each card has a letter and a number
o Pick two to test this claim
▪ If card has vowel, then it has an even number on the other side
o Pick “44”
▪ A confirms or disconfirm claim
• 17 cant disconfirm claim if it has a vowel
• B and 44 are irrelevant
o If vowel then even number
▪ V
▪ If its even then claim is right, if not then it is incorrect
• Needs only one case to disconfirm the claim
o Cheese example
- If the lights are on someone is home
o Affirm the antecedent (the lightbulb)
▪ Then the back of the card will be a house
- Which denies the consequent?
o The not house and no one is home
▪ If this is true, the other side will be lights are off
- If a card has a vowel on one side it has an odd number on the other side
E C 5 4
- E and 4
o If a card has a vowel on one side, it has an odd number on the other side
Belief perseverance
- Sticking to initial beliefs even when evidence is contradictory
o “don’t confuse me with facts” bias
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Document Summary
Nonbelievers will be punished in a lake of fire: simple deduction. If i believe in this categorical syllogism, then all it entails. Requires us to think like computer engineers and less like folks. If the lights are on then someone is home. If we deny the consequent, then we know that its not a bad sprocket. Each card has a letter and a number: pick two to test this claim. If card has vowel, then it has an even number on the other side: pick 44 , a confirms or disconfirm claim, 17 cant disconfirm claim if it has a vowel, b and 44 are irrelevant. If its even then claim is right, if not then it is incorrect: needs only one case to disconfirm the claim, cheese example. If the lights are on someone is home: affirm the antecedent (the lightbulb, then the back of the card will be a house.
