SSH 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Braising, False Premise, Hasty Generalization

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A lot of our ordinary reasoning is based on comparing one thing with another on analogies. John is generous, and his brother peter is just like him, so peter"s probably generous too. I just tried a spoonful of the soup and it was bland. We should add more salt to the pot. The war in syria is just like the war in vietnam, and the us lost that war, so they are going to lose in syria, too. But this sort of reasoning is also common in the natural and social sciences. Driving while on the phone is like driving while drunk, and it is illegal to drive drunk. So it should be illegal to drive while on the phone too. In this chapter we will look at when this sort of reasoning is sound. The form of reasoning by perfect analogy is this: (2) y is exactly like x in all respects relevant to being p.

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