SSH 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Begging The Question, Shiatsu, Fallacy
19 Jun 2018
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SSH105
Tutorial 12
Six basic evaluating argument
- Don’t only deny the conclusion of an argument- imagine you dislike number 7 and get an
argument 3+4=7, can’t just deny the number 7 have to say why premises do not support
conclusion, cannot say 7 does not sound right
- Don’t only accept the conclusion- if you love the number 7 and premises are 2+2 then
you cannot say conclusion is right just because you like number 7
- Critique premises themselves and
- Want to make criticisms substantial, do not want to nit-pick small things, have to be in
line with principle of charity
- Don’t accept controversy conclusions- if one person gives an argument saying they
support gay marriage and accept it, then hear another argument saying gay marriage
should not be supportive- cannot say I am for it and against it, have to pick a side
- Don’t only object to sub-arguments- look at argument as a whole not only sub-arguments
V- validate
F- falsify
All
- Verify with looking at everything, look at all As and see if they have B characteristics
- Falsify by finding one A that is not a B, find one that does not fit description
Most
- Verify with finding majority/more than 50% of As being Bs
- Falsify by finding 51%/majority that do not fit description
Some
- Verify with finding one A that is a B
- Falsify by finding none, finding no A that is a B
Exclusive
- Only going to be one or the other, cannot get both
Exhaustive
- Having every base covered, nothing else it can land on
- All possibilities
Pregnancy is exhaustive and exclusive
- Can either be pregnant or not- exclusive
- Options being pregnant and not being pregnant are exhaustive because there is not a third
option
Inclusive, exclusive is only about disjuncts/if or statements
Necessary, sufficient is only in conditionals
Necessary
- Needs to happen, it is necessary
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Don"t only accept the conclusion- if you love the number 7 and premises are 2+2 then you cannot say conclusion is right just because you like number 7. Want to make criticisms substantial, do not want to nit-pick small things, have to be in line with principle of charity. Don"t only object to sub-arguments- look at argument as a whole not only sub-arguments. Verify with looking at everything, look at all as and see if they have b characteristics. Falsify by finding one a that is not a b, find one that does not fit description. Verify with finding majority/more than 50% of as being bs. Falsify by finding 51%/majority that do not fit description. Verify with finding one a that is a b. Falsify by finding none, finding no a that is a b. Only going to be one or the other, cannot get both. Having every base covered, nothing else it can land on.
