APMA 912 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Glycogenolysis, Nod2, Ras Subfamily
1 Dec 2014
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Liver functions: formation & secretion of bile salts, metabolism & excretion of xenobiotics (biologically active substances from outside the organism, synthesis of plasma proteins, removal (clearance) of many proteins & hormones, nitrogenous wastes (urea & ammonia, immune surveillance, lipid metabolism, regulation of plasma [glucose, metabolic interconversion (amino acids, cho, fats) Liver as a lymphoid organ: portal blood from intestine is rich in microbes, e. g. lps, multiple immune cell types present in the liver, non typical cells act as antigen presenting cells (apc, key role in immune tolerance, kupffer cells appear to serve as portal of entry for plasmodium (malaria pathogen) Absorptive (fed) state: gut is supplying nutrients in excess of metabolic need, organism is storing energy and living on the remainder. Risk factors: obesity, physical inactivity, age (over age 45, ethnicity family history genetics lifestyle factors. 20 l d g m s l e v e. Adaptations in type ii diabetes l d g m s l e v e.
