BISC 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Kinocilium, Sensory Neuron, Cell Membrane

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amberalpaca785

11 Feb 2018

School

Simon Fraser University

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BISC 101

Professor

Tony Williams

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Document Summary

Stimulus perceptions are constructions formed in the brain and do not exist outside it. Others are specialized (epithelial) cells that regulate neurons (b) Hair cells as mechanoreceptors in vertebrate hearing and balance respond to pressure (e. g. sound waves) Captures sound and transmits pressure waves to fluid-filled cochlea transduce sound waves (or other fluid waves) to electrical signals. Bending of kinocilium and stereocilia causes physical distortion of the plasma membrane opening or closing ion channels. Changes in ion flow with opening/closing ion channels causes membrane to depolarize or hyperpolarize (with bending in different directions) Planarians (flatworms) have a pair of ocelli in their head with photoreceptors that detect light and dark (move away from light) but do not form images. Insects have compound eyes with several thousand ommatidia very effective at detecting movement; many can see uv wavelengths. The vertebrate eye functions to focus light onto sensory rod/cone cells (photoreceptors) in the retina. Opens/closes ion channels and changes membrane (receptor) potential.

Related Questions

11.Which sequence of events is required for the brain to interpret sound?
I. Vibration of the basilar membrane relative to the tectorial membrane causes cilia on hair cells to bend and triggers depolarization.

II. Hair cells stimulate the production of action potentials in sensory neurons that project to the brain.

III. Ganglion cell axons transmit action potentials to the occipital lobe.

A. II then I B.III then I then II. C.III then I D.I then II E.I then II then III

12. Which animal became numerous and widespread by using sonar to enable a high level activity in the dark?

A.bats B.whales C.owls D.dolphins E.shrews

13.In the vertebrate eye, what structure is light focused onto?

A.pupil B.lens C.retina D.sclera E.iris

14.Which is NOT a part of the vertebrate eye?

A. cornea B. retina C. iris D. cochlea E. pupil

15. In the vertebrate eye, what structure controls the amount of light that reaches the retina?
A. fovea. B. cornea. C. iris D. lens E. sclera

16.What are the short retinal photoreceptors responsible for color vision called?

A.rods B.cones C.bipolar cells. D.glial cells. E.ganglion cells

17. What sensory equipment is required for an animal to have binocular vision?

A.eyes located to the sides of the head B.forward-facing eyes C.a camera-type eye with multiple lenses

D. infrared vision E.ultraviolet vision

18. Choose the receptor that is NOT correctly matched with its function.

A.proprioceptor - monitors stretch of muscle fibers

B.baroreceptor - monitors hydrostatic pressure in blood vessels

C.nociceptor - transmits signals that the brain interprets as pain

D.chemoreceptor - perceives taste and smell stimuli

E.peripheral chemoreceptor - monitors the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

19. Where is the visual image in focus for a nearsighted individual?

A.behind the retina B.in front of the retina C.on the retina, but it appears blurred

D.at the lens, forming a shadow on the retina E.on the retina, but it is upside down

20. Since the optic nerve must pass through the retinal layer, we all have a blind spot devoid of light receptors. This normally goes unnoticed, since the brain attempts to compensate for missing sensory information by filling it in based on surrounding patterns. Which step of the sensory pathway is represented by perceptual filling-in of the physiological blind spot?

A. interpretation B. stimulus. C. transduction into receptor potential D.action potential transmission

BISC 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Kinocilium, Sensory Neuron, Cell Membrane

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