BISC 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Homo Ergaster, Ardi, Ardipithecus
3 Mar 2017
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Humans, chimps, gorillas, orangutans, gibbon, old wild monkey hominoids. Australopithecus (lucy) 3. 2 mya, ethiopia 1974, 40% complete, small brain, some ape-like characteristics, bipedal: (cid:862)(cid:373)a(cid:374) stood up a(cid:374)d the(cid:374) got s(cid:373)art(cid:863) Ardipithecus (ardi) 4. 4 (cid:373)ya, ethiopia, s(cid:373)all (cid:271)rai(cid:374), did(cid:374)(cid:859)t k(cid:374)u(cid:272)kle-walk, feet look like hands, move in the woods swinging, may have walked on 2 feet for short distances, less chimp-like than expected. Humans retain flat face from infancy to adulthood other animals develop prognathy (slope of the face) growing up: effects: bigger brain, smaller jaw/jaw muscles. Costs: energy expensive, baby needs caring for longer period. Size ratio of males to females gorilla (2), chimp (1. 35), australopithecus afarensis (1. 5), humans (1. 2) Correlates with mating system bigger difference => polygyny (multiple mates), opposite = monogamy (1 partner) Humans: 3. 2 billion base pairs, 99. 9% bases same in all people, about 25,000 genes (much fewer than expected), ~2% of genomes codes for protein.
