BPK 140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Regulatory T Cell, Memory T Cell, Adaptive Immune System

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Any microorganism, foreign protein, or abnormal cell that activates the immune system is called an antigen (antibody generator). When a disease-causing agent attacks the body, it encounters 3 major lines of defense. The second line of defense is also part of the non-specific, innate immune system and includes the following: non-specific immune cells (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, macrophages, chemical mediators (interleukin-1, interferon, complement, fever, inflammation, phagocytosis. The third line of defense is part of the adaptive or acquired immune system. This line of defense provides specific, long-term protection against microbes. The third line of defense includes the following: t-cells (helper and cytotoxic, b-cells (memory and plasma cells, antibodies. The cellular defense mechanisms consist of various white blood cells produced by bone marrow: Macrophages: very large white blood cells that devour pathogens and worn out cells. Neutrophils: another white blood cell type that ingests pathogens. Natural killer cells: destroy pathogens, cells infected with pathogens, and cancerous cells.

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