ECON 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Budget Constraint, Indifference Curve, Lagrange Multiplier

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silverrhinoceros276

17 Apr 2016

School

Simon Fraser University

Department

Economics

Course

ECON 201

Professor

Gulriz Barkin

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Document Summary

Consumer choice 1 budget constraint assume only two goods available: x1 and x2 price of x1: p1 ; price of x2: p2 income: i total expenditure on basket (x1 ,x2): budget constraint: . The set of baskets that the consumer may purchase given the limits of the available income. Budget line: the set of baskets that one can purchase when spending all available income. How does a change in income affect the budget line consumer choice 2. How does a change in price affect the budget line constrained consumer. Consumer choice 3 so the optimal bundle must be on budget line and be on an ic that does not cross it. A tangent: to a function is a straight line that has the same slope as the function therefore . The rate at which the consumer would be willing to exchange x for y is the same as the rate at which they are exchanged in the marketplace.

Related Questions

Currently, the price of consuming housing x1 is lowered by the fact that home mortgage interest is tax deductible. Suppose the government proposed to eliminate this implicit subsidy of your housing consumption, raising the price from (p1-s) to p1. At the same time, the government lowers the tax on other consumption x2, lowering the price from (p2 + t) to p2.

a) Write down your original budget constraint assuming the consumer has income I.

b) Suppose the utility function u(x1, x2) = (1/3) lnx1 +lnx2 captures your tastes, and suppose I = 10, 000,

p1 = 10, p2 = 1, s = 6, and t = 1. Write out the utility maximization problem for this consumer

prior to any policy change.
c) How much housing and other goods will this consumer consume prior to any policy change? (show process)

d) When the policy change goes into effect, will this consumer still be able to afford the bundle you derived in (c)?

e) When the policy change goes into effect, what bundle will the consumer consume?

coralbuffalo772

True or False. If False explain why it's false.

1. If all prices are doubled an money income is the left the same, the budget set does not change because the relative prices do not change.

2. A decrease in income pivots the budget line around the bundle initially consumed.

3. If preferences are well-behaved, then for any commodity bundle (x1,x2), the set of commodity bundles that are worse than (x1,x2) is a convex set.

4. The marginal rate of substitution measures the distance betwee one indifference curve and the next one.

5. If someone has the utility function U= 2min(x, y), then x and y are perfect complements for that person.

6. At the boundary optimum, a consumers indifference curve must be tangent to her budget line.

7. If two goods are substitutes, then an increase in the price of one of them will increase the demand for the other.

8. An Engel curve is a demand curve with the vertical and horizontal axes reversed.

9. An inferior good is less durable than a normal good.

10. When other variables are held fixed, the demand for a Giffen good rises when income increase.

budget line

marginal utility

complete property of preferences

market demand

consumption bundle

substitution effect

Giffen good

total effect

income effect

transitive property of preferences

indifference curves

utility

the marginal rate of substitution

utility function

1.	_____	The satisfaction or benefit that consumers receive from consuming goods or services.
2.	________________ _	A particular combination of specific quantities of goods or services
3.	________________ _	Consumers can rank all conceivable bundles of goods or services
4.	_____	If A is preferred to B, and B is preferred to C, then A is always preferred to C.
5.	_____	Equation showing a consumerâs perception of the total utility forthcoming from consuming each bundle of goods and services.
6.	_____	A set of consumption bundles each and every one of which provides a consumer with exactly the same level of total utility.
7.	_____	The number of units of Y that must be given up for total utility to remain the same when one more unit of X is consumed.
8.	_____	The addition to total utility attributable to consuming one more unit of a good, holding the consumption of all other goods constant.
9.	_____	The line showing all bundles of goods that can be purchased at given prices if the entire income is spent.
10.	_____	The change in the consumption of a good that would result if the consumer remained on the original indifference curve after the price of the good changes.
11.	_____	The change in consumption of goods results strictly from the change in purchasing power after the price of a good changes.
12.	________________ _	The sum of the substitution and income effects.
13.	_____	A good for which quantity demanded varies directly with price, causing an upward sloping demand curve.
14.	_____	A list of prices and the corresponding quantity consumers are willing and able to purchase at each price.

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ECON 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Budget Constraint, Indifference Curve, Lagrange Multiplier

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