GEOG 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Snowball Earth, Arctic Ocean, Negative Feedback
17 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
GEOG 111
Week 1 - Geosystems
Essentials of Geography (Chapter 1)
- Geography Definition, Themes
- Earth Systems
- Location, Maps, Scales
Key Concepts
- Define geography and physical geography in particular
- List the five spatial themes in geography
- Describe system analysis, open and closed systems, and feedback
information, and relate these concepts to Earth systems
Geographic Analysis – Spatial Themes
1. Location
2. Regions
3. Human-Earth Relationships
4. Movement
5. Place
Systems (involve inputs and outputs, processing)
- Open system is where energy and matter flow into and out of the
system
o Earth (e.g., energy)
o Car; animal; hillslope; tree; leaf
- Closed system is self-contained and is not common
o Earth (e.g., physical matter, resources)
System Feedback
- Positive feedback enhances the original change
o Result increasingly differs from the starting state
o Amplifies disturbance (e.g., snowball earth)
- Negative feedback damps down (diminishes) original change; causes
self-regulation
o Tends to preserve the starting state (e.g., watering a plant)
The Arctic Sea Ice-Albedo Positive Feedback
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Document Summary
Define geography and physical geography in particular. List the five spatial themes in geography. Describe system analysis, open and closed systems, and feedback information, and relate these concepts to earth systems. Geographic analysis spatial themes: location, regions, human-earth relationships, movement, place. Open system is where energy and matter flow into and out of the system: earth (e. g. , energy, car; animal; hillslope; tree; leaf. Closed system is self-contained and is not common: earth (e. g. , physical matter, resources) Positive feedback enhances the original change: result increasingly differs from the starting state, amplifies disturbance (e. g. , snowball earth) Negative feedback damps down (diminishes) original change; causes self-regulation: tends to preserve the starting state (e. g. , watering a plant) Temperatures rising sea ice melts, exposes darker ocean surface reflectivity, or albedo, is altered (ocean reflects less sunlight) ocean absorbs more heat temperatures rising . 15-20 million tons of ash and sulfuric acid mist blasted into the atmosphere.
