HSCI 330 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cohort Study, European Credit Transfer And Accumulation System, Rare Disease
8 Mar 2017
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Types of epidemiologic research: experimental studies, use randomization: investigator determines the exposure status, 2 forms: clinical trials and community intervention trials, objective. Clinical trials: to test the possible effect (efficacy), e. g. new drug for treating or preventing the occurrence of a disease. Community intervention trials: to assess the effectiveness of a prevention program, e. g. the effectiveness of sex education/ needle exchange: observational studies (most are, no randomization: the subjects themselves determine their exposure (smoking, 2 types: Descriptive studies: to describe the natural history of a disease, to determine the allocation of health care resources, and to suggest hypotheses about disease causation. Analytic studies: to test hypotheses about the determinants of a disease or other health condition, with the ideal goal of assessing causation. Cohort studies: select on exposure, measure later disease. Case-control studies: select on d, measure earlier e. Cross-sectional studies: select, measure d and e at the same time (snapshot at a particular point in time)
