HSCI 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Nuclear Membrane, Mendelian Inheritance, Cytoskeleton

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Series of protein polymers (non-covalent bonds, quaternary: maintains cell shape, mechanical strength, chromosome separation, anchorage and transport of organelles. 3 fiber types: thick microtubules, thin actin filaments, medium sized intermediate filaments. Cilia & flagella: made of microtubules, both used in movement cilia are about 20x shorter than flagella, atp makes flagella longer in size. Loss of cell division, differentiation or apoptosis controls are regarded as key steps in the development of cancer. Stem cells are quiescent: apoptosis - cell death (if didn"t happen we may have webbed fingers) G1 stage = growth: cell grows in size, proteins needed for dna replication & synthesized, may or may not commit to further in cell cycle. S stage = dna synthesis: dna replication occurs. G2 stage = growth: proteins needed for division are synthesized. G0 stage = quiescence: cell division, mitosis - nuclear (chromosome) division (different phases, cytokinesis - cytoplasmic division.

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