HSCI 216 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Disruptive Selection, Panmixia, Linkage Disequilibrium
28 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
HSCI 216
Evolution
- A hage i the olletie iforatio otaied i a populatio’s geeti akeup.
- Based on Heredity
How is DNA transferred between somatic cells? Mitosis
- Somatic: living cells other than reproductive cell
- 23 pairs chromosomes (single chromatid)→ DNA Replication→ 46 chromosomes
doule sister hroatids → Cell division→ 2 identical daughter cells with 46
chromosomes each (single chromatid)
How is DNA inherited from person to person? Sex Cell- Meiosis
- 46 Chromosomes (single stranded) → Replication (46 chromosomes arranged into 23
homologous pairs→ First cell division ( 2 daughter cells; 23 double stranded
chromosomes)→ Second Cell Division (4 daughter cells, 23 single stranded
chromosomes)
Of genetic material is copied, how is that it changes across generations?
- Variation
- Sources:
o Mutation
o Meiosis
▪ Recombination
• Late prophase and early metaphase
▪ Separation of homologous chromosome pair into different gametes
o Sex
Mendel’s Colusio
- Different expressions of a trait were inherited as factors
- Each parent must have two of these FACTORS
- Fators alleles do ot i
- Principle of inheritance:
o Law of segregation:
▪ The members of each pair of alleles controlling a trait in an individual
- Dominant alleles masked recessive ones
- Phenotype: the outard aifestatio of a idiidual’s geotpe
o Eg. Smooth
- Genotype: the genetic configuration of the individual
o E.g. YY yy
Genotypic and phenotypic frequencies
o Law of independent Assortment:
▪ Traits coded by genes located on different chromosomes are inherited
independently
- Geeti oditios that follo Medelia Las
o Monogenic disorders:
▪ Mutation in a single gene
• Sickle cell disease
• Cystic fibrosis
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Document Summary
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