PHIL 105 Lecture Notes - Propositional Calculus, Logical Biconditional, First-Order Logic
17 Jun 2013
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Well-formed arguments: deductively valid (or just: valid) arguments, inductively cogent arguments (or just: cogent). Pattern 1: all as are bs, x is an a. Pattern 2: either p or q, ~q (q is false, p. In example 3: either mike is in the cafeteria or mike is in the library, mike isn"t in the cafeteria. The whole conclusion appears in the first premise. Note: the biconditional is the conjunction of if p then q" and if q then p". Argument by elimination: either p or q, ~p, q, either p or q, ~q, p. Simplification: p and q, p, p and q, q if a conjunction is true so are each of the conjunctions. Ponens: if p then q, p, q. This shows that if two sentences are true, then so is their conjunction. Hypothetical syllogism: if p then q, if p then q, ~q, ~p.
