STAT 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Dependent And Independent Variables, Clinical Trial, Randomized Response

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STAT 100 CHAPTER 5 & 6
Response variable measures an outcome or result or a study.
Explanatory variable variable that we think explains or causes changed to the
response variable.
Ie. Independent or dependant variable.
Lurking variable has an important effect on the relationship between variables
but it not an explanatory variable.
2 variables are confounded when their effects on a response variable
cannot be determined from one another.
Clinical trial studies the effectiveness of medical treatments.
Double-blind experiment experiment which subjects or experimenter recording
the symptoms do not know which treatment was received or administered.
Randomized comparative experiment compares 2 or more treatments.
Random assignment -> Group 1 -> Treatment 1 -> compare treatments/results.
Group 2 -> placebo -> compare treatments/results.
Logic of experimental design:
Randomized comparative experiments produce groups of subjects that
should be similar on average in aspects of why treatments were applied.
Comparative designs expose all groups to similar conditions, other than the
treatment received.
Differences in response variables must be due to effects of treatment.
Principles of Experimental Designs:
1. Control the effects of lurking variables by ensuring all subjects affected
similarly by them. Then simply compare 2 or more treatments.
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STAT 100 Full Course Notes
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Response variable measures an outcome or result or a study. Explanatory variable variable that we think explains or causes changed to the response variable: ie. Lurking variable has an important effect on the relationship between variables but it not an explanatory variable: 2 variables are confounded when their effects on a response variable cannot be determined from one another. Clinical trial studies the effectiveness of medical treatments. Double-blind experiment experiment which subjects or experimenter recording the symptoms do not know which treatment was received or administered. Randomized comparative experiment compares 2 or more treatments. Random assignment -> group 1 -> treatment 1 -> compare treatments/results. Group 2 -> placebo -> compare treatments/results. Principles of experimental designs: control the effects of lurking variables by ensuring all subjects affected similarly by them. Then simply compare 2 or more treatments: randomize to assign subjects to treatments so treatment groups are similar, use enough subjects in each group to reduce chance variation in results.

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