BIOL 1051H Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Osmotic Concentration, Hypernatremia, List Of Lakes By Volume

• School: Trent University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL 1051H
• Professor: Holly Bates

Document Summary

Regulation of fluid output: variation in urine volume, usually linked to adjustments in na+ reabsorption, dehydration lowers blood volume. Increases na+ increases osmolarity adh: increases blood volume = decrease in na+ and inhibits adh. Proportionate loss of water and sodium without replacement. Osmolarity remains normal: dehydration (negative water balance) Electrolyte balance: physiologically important, metabolism, electrical potential, body fluid osmolarity, major cations na+, k+, ca2+, mg2+, h, major anions cl-, hco3-, pi, normo = normal, hyper = above normal, hypo = below normal. Sodium balance: one of principal ions responsible for resting membrane potentials. Na+ inflow essential to depolarization that underlies nerves and muscle function: principal cation of ecf, most significant solute in determining total body water and distribution. Stimulated by increased in na+ in blood. Potassium imbalance: most dangerous of all electrolyte imbalances, hyperkalemia nerve and muscles are more excitable and can cause cardiac arrest, hypokalemia nerve and muscle cells less excitable.