BIOL 1550 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Water Intoxication, Hard Water, Kwashiorkor
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Lecture 9 – Water, Energy
• Sources of water are fruit, fluids, vegetables
• Hard water has an increased levels of minerals
• Soft water has been filtered with sodium
o Health issues for those with hypertension
o Can cause hair to fall out, dry skin which lead to rashes/ dermatitis
• Contamination can occur due to industrial and bacterial pollution
o E.coli, cholera
• Most water is absorbed in the small intestine and the remainder is regulated by the
colon
• Water is needed to metabolize other things
Functions of water:
• Structural component of cells
• Regulation of body temperature
• 50-60% of adult weight
• 75-80% of infants – dehydration can be fatal in infants due to the large necessity for
water
• Homeostasis is maintained by the thirst mechanism and reaction to solute levels
• Excretion is controlled by the kidneys, brain, pituitary, and adrenal glands
• Thirst mechanism is controlled by the hypothalamus
• As water level decreases, sodium and solute levels in blood increase
o Causing water to be drawn from salivary glands to provide more fluid for blood
• If thirst mechanism is faulty, hormonal mechanisms conserve water by reducing urine
output
• To maintain fluid balances cells control movement of electrolytes
• Fluid volume deficit (FVD)
• Fluid excess and edema
o Increased fluid retention and edema associated with compromised regulatory
mechanism
o Causes: sodium retention, kwashiorkor, water intoxication
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