FRSC 1011H Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Citrinin, Shigella, Tularemia

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Bioterrorism, Biocrime and Microbial
Biological (bioterrorist) Agents
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Biological Toxins
Bacterial Pathogens
Bacteria are living cells
Capable of complex metabolic functions
Larger more complex genomes than viruses
Cell walls, membranes surrounding a cytoplasm and nucleoid
Bacteria Considered Bioterrorism Agents
Biowarfare agents: aerosolized
Bacillus anthraxis (anthrax)
Yersinia pestis (plague)
Francisella tularensis (tularemia)
Burkholderia sp. (glanders and melioidosis)
Brucella sp. (brucellosis)
Agents that are food borne pathogens, shigella and salmonella (biocrime attacks)
Fungal Toxins
Fungi and fungal toxins as weapons: currently the biggest concern is as a
chronic health risk
Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin, citrinin, ergot alkkaloids, patulin, fumonisins,
trichothecenes
Antibiotic and Fungicide Resistance
Antibiotics provide treatment for bacterial infections
Antibiotic resistance has become a serious concern as it lowers or eliminates
treatment options
Antifungals provide treatment for fungal infections
Antifungals resistance is now a major concern
Canadian Definition of Terrorist Activity
The criminal code defines it as an act or omission undertaken, in or outside
Canada, for a political, religious or ideological purpose, that is intended to
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Document Summary

Cell walls, membranes surrounding a cytoplasm and nucleoid. Agents that are food borne pathogens, shigella and salmonella (biocrime attacks) Fungi and fungal toxins as weapons: currently the biggest concern is as a chronic health risk. Aflatoxins, ochratoxin, citrinin, ergot alkkaloids, patulin, fumonisins, trichothecenes. Antibiotic resistance has become a serious concern as it lowers or eliminates treatment options. Antifungals resistance is now a major concern. The criminal code defines it as an act or omission undertaken, in or outside. Assessments usually considered for terrorist attacks or acts of war. Risk results from a combination of an asset, a threat/hazard, and a vulnerability. If any element is missing, there is no risk. Relatively inexpensive to produce, store and transport. Effect can be hours or days later; therefore, identifying the attacker is very difficult. Spread via air, water, food or a human being. Some agents spread from human to human (smallpoxs) while others do not (anthrax)

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