HIST 2752H Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Moral Authority, Yuan Shikai, Hubei
5 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Reforms and revoluions in china: the last days of the qing dynasty 1860-1911. Self-strengthening or tongzhi restoraion (1860s) named ater the tongzhi emperor (r. 1862-1874: led by chinese oicials (not manchu oicials) Leaders of reform: zeng guofan and li hongzhan (they had helped the. Qing put down the earlier rebellions: military modernizaion; building western-style arsenals; gun foundaries; shipyards, establish schools for western languages, open up embassies in the west, build railway lines, telegraph lines, texile factories. Reforms didn"t go deeper; government didn"t support these reforms, there was a lot of ighing in government as to whether or not to support the reforms. 1908: tonggzhi emperor died when he became of age; dowager stayed in control. Cixi"s four year old nephew was put on the throne; guangxu emperor (cixi stayed as regent: say she stalled reforms; others say she was trying to balance opposiion, trying to protect the empire, protect the manchu.
