NURS 2003H Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Complete Blood Count, Perfusion, Blood Transfusion
26 Jun 2018
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SEMINAR PARTICIPATION – Hypovolemic Shock
Topic Key Points
Etiology (What are the key risk factors or causes of this illness?)
Hemorrhage
GI loss- diarrhea, vomiting
Fistula drainage
Diabetes insipidus
Hyperglycemia
Diuresis
Excessive bleeding, sweating
Burns
Pathophysiology (Where does this illness occur in the body? What specific
impacts do this illness have on the body? How are normal
homeostatic mechanisms disturbed by this illness?)
Caused by low blood flow
Occurs with fluid volume loss meaning not enough to fill
vascular space
Cardiovascular: Decrease in preload, SV, capillary refill time
Pulmonary: Tachypnea, can progress to bradypnea
Renal: decrease urine output
Skin: Pallor, cool, clammy
Neurological: Anxiety, confusion, agitation
Gastrointestinal: absence of bowel sounds
Other: decrease hematocrit, decrease hemoglobin, increase
lactate, increase urine specific gravity, changes in electrolytes
Clinical
Manifestations (signs
and symptoms)
(How does the person feel when they have this illness?
What do you as a nurse expect to see/assess for in a patient
with this illness?)
Feel: Dizzy, weak, anxious
See:
Decreased urine output
Pale skin
Cool and clammy skin
Anxious
Confused
Agitated
Increased HR
Increased RR
Decreased BP
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Document Summary
Key points (what are the key risk factors or causes of this illness?) How are normal homeostatic mechanisms disturbed by this illness?) Occurs with fluid volume loss meaning not enough to fill vascular space. Cardiovascular: decrease in preload, sv, capillary refill time. What do you as a nurse expect to see/assess for in a patient with this illness?) Which tests are more general and how do they link to the illness?) Lab studies hemoglobin levels (decreased oxygen because tissue perfusion is lower) Urine specific gravity (shows how much solute you have compared to water, increased specific gravity) Lactic acid (due to decreased perfusion, aerobic metabolism changes to anaerobic, increase lactic acid) Complete blood count (low hemoglobin levels and low serum, platelets are controlling the clotting lowered platelet count) Discuss any compensatory responses to the changes in homeostasis produced by the illness. Seek immediate medical attention if there are signs/symptoms. Increase hr to try and keep blood flow.
