NURS 3550H Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, Blood Sugar, Gestational Diabetes

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Insulin: anabolic hormone goal to build things up in the body (2 chain protein hormone) Incretins: gut hormones released from gi tract after eating, control insulin release, activates glp-1 receptor. Slow gastric emptying (allow things to be absorbed from intestine) Insulin effects replaces missing insulin or enhance the effects of insulin restores insulin effects. Insulin - mechanism: uptake of glucose, amino acids and potassium formation of glycogen, proteins, triglycerides inhibit gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis. Insulin works at a receptor: binds to the receptor which activates the glucose transport molecules and pulls glucose into fat and muscle cells. Insulin administration: subcutaneous injection, syringe and needle, pen injectors, jet injectors, subcutaneous infusion, portable insulin pumps. Intramuscular injection: regular insulin only (humulin r, rarely used. Short-acting insulin: rapid (taken up by the body so quickly) *usually refers to rapid vs short acting insulin vs the names on tests: modified human insulin (changed to make them more rapid acting, lispro, aspart, glulisine.

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